Nutrient requirements of South American camelids: A factorial approach

Saun, Robert J. Van

doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.07.006

Cited by 65 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Preference by camelids for grasses with high fiber levels is expected due to both a greater efficiency to ferment dietary fiber (Van Saun, 2006), and a longer retention time that allows these animals a greater degradation of ingested feed material compared to other ruminants (Genin and Tichit, 1997;Lopez et al, 1998;San Martín et al, 1986;San Martín, 1991). Moreover, the digestive advantage of camelids over other ruminants (cattle and sheep) is most obvious when comparing the digestion of poor quality or low protein forages (Genin and Tichit, 1997;Lopez et al, 1998;San Martín and Bryant, 1989;San Martín, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal diet of vicuñas in the Los Andes protected area (Salta, Argentina): Are they optimal foragers?

Torres

Puig

2010

Journal of Arid Environments

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal diet of vicuñas in the Los Andes protected area (Salta, Argentina): Are they optimal foragers?

Torres

Puig

2010

Journal of Arid Environments

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“…Distal to the forestomach, ingesta particle size is lower in ruminants than in other mammals of comparable size ( Figure 1). It is tempting to speculate that a basic difference in the sorting mechanism between camelids (with the little-understood retention of large particles in the third forestomach compartment, Lechner-Doll and von Engelhardt, 1989) and ruminants prevents the former from achieving the high food intakes, metabolic rates (Van Saun, 2006;Maloiy et al, 2009), species diversity and geographic distribution of the ruminants. Until the particle flow in the camelid forestomach is characterised in more detail, this must remain speculative.…”

Section: Foregut and Hindgut Fermentation: Why Ruminants Are Specialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary adaptations of ruminants and their potential relevance for modern production systems

Clauss

Hume

Hummel

2010

Animal

184

148

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Comparative physiology applies methods established in domestic animal science to a wider variety of species. This can lead to improved insight into evolutionary adaptations of domestic animals, by putting domestic species into a broader context. Examples include the variety of responses to seasonally fluctuating environments, different adaptations to heat and drought, and in particular adaptations to herbivory and various herbivore niches. Herbivores generally face the challenge that a high food intake compromises digestive efficiency (by reducing ingesta retention time and time available for selective feeding and for food comminution), and a variety of digestive strategies have evolved in response. Ruminants are very successful herbivores. They benefit from potential advantages of a forestomach without being constrained in their food intake as much as other foregut fermenters, because of their peculiar reticuloruminal sorting mechanism that retains food requiring further digestion but clears the forestomach of already digested material; the same mechanism also optimises food comminution. Wild ruminants vary widely in the degree to which their rumen contents 'stratify', with little stratification in 'moose-type' ruminants (which are mostly restricted to a browse niche) and a high degree of stratification into gas, particle and fluid layers in 'cattle-type' ruminants (which are more flexible as intermediate feeders and grazers). Yet all ruminants uniformly achieve efficient selective particle retention, suggesting that functions other than particle retention played an important role in the evolution of stratification-enhancing adaptations. One interesting emerging hypothesis is that the high fluid turnover observed in 'cattle-type' ruminants -which is a prerequisite for stratification -is an adaptation that not only leads to a shift of the sorting mechanism from the reticulum to the whole reticulorumen, but also optimises the harvest of microbial protein from the forestomach. Although potential benefits of this adaptation have not been quantified, the evidence for convergent evolution toward stratification suggests that they must be substantial. In modern production systems, the main way in which humans influence the efficiency of energy uptake is by manipulating diet quality. Selective breeding for conversion efficiency has resulted in notable differences between wild and domestic animals. With increased knowledge on the relevance of individual factors, that is fluid throughput through the reticulo-rumen, more specific selection parameters for breeding could be defined to increase productivity of domestic ruminants by continuing certain evolutionary trajectories.Keywords: herbivory, hindgut fermenter, foregut fermenter, browser, grazer ImplicationsUnderstanding evolutionary adaptations of ruminants will have an impact on (i) husbandry of captive wild ruminants, many of which cannot be kept or fed as domestic ruminants and (ii) research for continuous refinement of the production potential of domestic ruminants, ...

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“…The climate is cool and dry, with broad daily and seasonal temperature ranges (−2 • C to 18 • C in summer, −12 • C to 16 • C in winter), low rainfall (130 mm/yr) occurring only in summer (December-March) and intense frosts. Food availability is extremely limited during the dry season (winter), when forage is too mature and of low quality (San Martín and Bryant, 1989;Van Saun, 2006).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vigilance behaviour of the year-round territorial vicuña (Vicugna vicugna) outside the breeding season: Influence of group size, social factors and distance to a water source

Torres

Puig

Novillo

et al. 2015

Behavioural Processes

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Nutrient requirements of South American camelids: A factorial approach

Cited by 65 publications

References 39 publications

Seasonal diet of vicuñas in the Los Andes protected area (Salta, Argentina): Are they optimal foragers?

Seasonal diet of vicuñas in the Los Andes protected area (Salta, Argentina): Are they optimal foragers?

Evolutionary adaptations of ruminants and their potential relevance for modern production systems

Vigilance behaviour of the year-round territorial vicuña (Vicugna vicugna) outside the breeding season: Influence of group size, social factors and distance to a water source

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