Nutrient Removal by Corn Grain Harvest

In Chile, the availability of poultry manure has recently increased as a result of expanding poultry production. The application of this organic waste on agricultural land is desirable since it not only helps recycle nutrients but also solves the problem of its disposal. A two year field study was undertaken to compare the effects of poultry litter (PL) and traditional mineral fertilizer on the growth of silage maize (Zea mays L.). The effects of adding mean annual PL rates of 10, 15 and 20 Mg ha -1 , with and without mineral fertilizer, were compared with those of two rates of conventional mineral fertilizer and a control treatment (no fertilizer). Crop yield showed a positive response to the fertilized treatments and fluctuated between 26.30 and 37.13 Mg ha -1 ; values for the controls ranged between 17.12 and 23.80 Mg ha -1 . The yield averages obtained with the PL treatments were 13.85 and 9.05 Mg ha -1 higher than the controls in the first and second year respectively. Nutrient uptake was similar with the PL and conventional fertilizer treatments. The mean of apparent efficiency of N recovery (AENR) for the PL treatments was higher than that of conventional fertilizer treatments, suggesting PL to be an appropriate N supply that suffers only small N losses. The highest AENR was obtained with the lowest PL dose, indicating this to be the most appropriate rate. In conclusion, PL is an efficient alternative to conventional mineral fertilizers for silage maize production.Additional key words: N efficiency recovery, nutritional needs, soil fertilizer. ResumenEfecto de la aplicación de cama de broiler sobre la producción y absorción de nutrientes en maíz para ensilaje (Zea mays L.)La disponibilidad de estiércol o cama de broiler (CB) en Chile ha aumentado, como resultado del incremento en la producción de carne de ave. La utilización de este residuo orgánico en la actividad agrícola es beneficiosa, contribuyendo al reciclaje de nutrientes y disminuyendo su acumulación en zonas de producción. Para comparar el efecto de la aplicación de CB y fertilizantes convencionales sobre la producción de maíz para ensilaje, se realizó un experimento de campo durante dos años consecutivos. Se comparó el efecto de la aplicación de CB en dosis de 10, 15 y 20 Mg ha -1 , incluyendo en algunos casos la aplicación de nitrógeno, con la utilización de dos dosis de fertilizantes convencionales y un control sin fertilización. El rendimiento mostró una respuesta positiva a la fertilización, fluctuando entre 26,30 y 37,13 Mg ha -1 ; en tanto que en el control fluctuó entre 17,12 y 23,80 Mg ha -1 . El rendimiento medio obtenido con la CB fue 13,85 y 9,05 Mg ha -1 mayor que el control sin fertilización para el primer y segundo año, respectivamente. La absorción de nutrientes fue similar entre los tratamientos con CB o fertilizantes convencionales. La eficiencia de recuperación aparente de N (AENR) media para los tratamientos con CB fue mayor que la obtenida con fertilización convencional, lo cual sugiere un suministro adecuado y bajo ...

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“…However, the increased yield may also have been related to a differential response of the maize variety used in each year (Heckman et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of poultry litter on silage maize (Zea mays L.) production and nutrient uptake

Hirzel

Matus

Novoa

et al. 2007

Span. j. agric. res.

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“…These quantities range from 2 to 16% of the nutrient inputs to the crops in Table 1, and implicitly include the effects of nutrient removal in harvested biomass. Nutrient uptake in crops varies in relation to soils and climate (32), but represents as much as 50% or more of the nutrient inputs to soils, with a majority of the harvested nutrients incorporated into animal feed (33). Model estimates of nutrient delivery from cropland to streams also include effects of landscape and climatic factors (Table 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Phosphorus and Nitrogen Delivery to The Gulf of Mexico from the Mississippi River Basin

Alexander

Smith

Schwarz

et al. 2007

Environ. Sci. Technol.

769

736

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Seasonal hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico has been linked to increased nitrogen fluxes from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya River Basins, though recent evidence shows that phosphorus also influences productivity in the Gulf. We developed a spatially explicit and structurally detailed SPARROW water-quality model that reveals important differences in the sources and transport processes that control nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) delivery to the Gulf. Our model simulations indicate that agricultural sources in the watersheds contribute more than 70% of the delivered N and P. However, corn and soybean cultivation is the largest contributor of N (52%), followed by atmospheric deposition sources (16%); whereas P originates primarily from animal manure on pasture and rangelands (37%), followed by corn and soybeans (25%), other crops (18%), and urban sources (12%). The fraction of in-stream P and N load delivered to the Gulf increases with stream size, but reservoir trapping of P causes large local-and regional-scale differences in delivery. Our results indicate the diversity of management approaches required to achieve efficient control of nutrient loads to the Gulf. These include recognition of important differences in the agricultural sources of N and P, the role of atmospheric N, attention to P sources downstream from reservoirs, and better control of both N and P in close proximity to large rivers.

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“…For example, in September 2015 feather meal cost more than $500 Mg −1 (Ed Roche, personal communication 2015;Harrison, 2015). Less expensive animal byproducts, such as manure and compost, have plant-available N (PAN)/P ratios ranging from 2:1 (manure) to 1:2 (compost), whereas this ratio in most crops is between 7:1 and 10:1 (Heckman et al, 2003;Preusch et al, 2002;Spargo et al, 2006). This difference in N/P inputs compared with crop needs contributes to P accumulation in soil receiving repeated N-based applications of animal manure or compost, which increases the risk of P enrichment of runoff (Sharpley et al, 1998;Sims et al, 1998;Spargo et al, 2006).…”

Section: Organic Supplemental Nitrogen Sources For Field Corn Productmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When organic amendments in this study were applied to provide 45 kg N ha −1 , P applications were 29, 26, 8, and 2 kg P ha −1 for PL, PPL, PFMB, and FM, respectively. Phosphorus removal rates in corn grain, which were based on the median value provided by Heckman et al (2003) of 3.8 kg P kg corn grain −1 , ranged from 31 to 41 kg P ha −1 for -V treatments receiving organic amendments. These results indicate that at the rate at which organic amendments were applied, soil P accumulation was likely not a problem because P removal rates were similar to or greater than application rates.…”

Section: P and Economic Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Supplemental Nitrogen Sources for Field Corn Production after a Hairy Vetch Cover Crop

et al. 2016

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Legume cover crops and organic amendments in combination could meet corn (Zea mays L.) nitrogen (N) needs while optimizing phosphorus (P) inputs. In a 2‐yr field study, we characterized the N‐mineralization dynamics and impacts on corn grain yield of feather meal (FM), poultry litter (PL), pelletized PL (PPL), and a PPL‐FM blend (PFMB) with or without a hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) cover crop. The four amendments, which differed substantially in chemical and laboratory N‐release characteristics, provided corn yield benefits only when vetch biomass was low. In 2010, vetch produced 4630 kg biomass ha−1 and increased corn grain yield from 8.7 to 13.3 Mg ha−1 compared with a no‐vetch treatment. Vetch alone supplied sufficient N to achieve maximum corn yield as determined using an ammonium nitrate fertilizer response curve embedded within the organic amendment experiment. In 2009, vetch produced only 1551 kg ha−1 and provided no benefit to corn yield. Three of the organic amendments (all but PPL) increased corn yield by 1.8 to 2.3 Mg ha−1 whether vetch was present or not. Phosphorus inputs from amendments were similar to, or lower than, P removal in corn grain harvest, indicating that amendments would not result in soil P accumulation at these application rates. Amendment costs differed substantially such that economic returns using PL would be considerably greater than with PPL, PFMB, or FM. Results show that considering legume cover crop biomass is critical to determining organic amendment applications. Impact of organic amendments on corn grain yield depends on vetch biomass production. Organic amendments did not increase corn yield when vetch biomass was >4500 kg ha−1. Vetch provided no benefit to corn yield when biomass was <1600 kg ha−1. Organic amendments increased corn yield when vetch biomass was <1600 kg ha−1. Amendments applied at 45 kg N ha−1 did not raise concerns about residual P.

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Nutrient Removal by Corn Grain Harvest

Cited by 69 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of poultry litter on silage maize (Zea mays L.) production and nutrient uptake

Effect of poultry litter on silage maize (Zea mays L.) production and nutrient uptake

Differences in Phosphorus and Nitrogen Delivery to The Gulf of Mexico from the Mississippi River Basin

Organic Supplemental Nitrogen Sources for Field Corn Production after a Hairy Vetch Cover Crop

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