Nutrient loading impacts on culturable E. coli and other heterotrophic bacteria fate in simulated stream mesocosms

Gregory, L.; Karthikeyan, Raghupathy; Aitkenhead‐Peterson, Jacqueline A.; Gentry, Terry J.; Wagner, Kevin; Harmel, R. Daren

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2017.09.043

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In particular, elevated indicator concentrations were observed when organic carbon levels were at or above 7 mg/liter (83). Other studies conducted using incremental levels of organic carbon also reported enhanced survival of E. coli in the water column (90,91). In both studies, the positive effect of nutrient addition on E. coli varied depending on nutrient levels and/or the presence of biota (predators and competitors) (90,91).…”

Section: Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The symbol size corresponds to the number of studies with results that fall within each category (greater decay in marine water or freshwater or no effect). (84)(85)(86), fecal material (87)(88)(89), and synthetic/artificial nutrients (89)(90)(91). The majority of these studies have been conducted in the laboratory and can be divided into several categories based on experimental design; some studies utilized both sediments and the overlying water column (81,(87)(88)(89), while others focused on the water column only (83,92).…”

Section: Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persistence and Decay of Fecal Microbiota in Aquatic Habitats

Korajkic

Wanjugi

Brooks

et al. 2019

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

105

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SUMMARY Fecal microorganisms can enter water bodies in diverse ways, including runoff, sewage discharge, and direct fecal deposition. Once in water, the microorganisms experience conditions that are very different from intestinal habitats. The transition from host to aquatic environment may lead to rapid inactivation, some degree of persistence, or growth. Microorganisms may remain planktonic, be deposited in sediment, wash up on beaches, or attach to aquatic vegetation. Each of these habitats offers a panoply of different stressors or advantages, including UV light exposure, temperature fluctuations, salinity, nutrient availability, and biotic interactions with the indigenous microbiota (e.g., predation and/or competition). The host sources of fecal microorganisms are likewise numerous, including wildlife, pets, livestock, and humans. Most of these microorganisms are unlikely to affect human health, but certain taxa can cause waterborne disease. Others signal increased probability of pathogen presence, e.g., the fecal indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and enterococci and bacteriophages, or act as fecal source identifiers (microbial source tracking markers). The effects of environmental factors on decay are frequently inconsistent across microbial species, fecal sources, and measurement strategies (e.g., culture versus molecular). Therefore, broad generalizations about the fate of fecal microorganisms in aquatic environments are problematic, compromising efforts to predict microbial decay and health risk from contamination events. This review summarizes the recent literature on decay of fecal microorganisms in aquatic environments, recognizes defensible generalizations, and identifies knowledge gaps that may provide particularly fruitful avenues for obtaining a better understanding of the fates of these organisms in aquatic environments.

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Section: Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence and Decay of Fecal Microbiota in Aquatic Habitats

Korajkic

Wanjugi

Brooks

et al. 2019

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

105

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“…Interactions with indigenous microbiota also increase decay rates, although this was predominantly shown for FIB, MST markers and some bacterial pathogens, (e.g., [152,153,154,155]) with inconclusive data for other organisms (e.g., various bacteriophages and C. parvum [156,157]). Influx of nutrients (in the form of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus) can result in extended persistence [158,159,160], and potentially mitigate the effects of biotic interactions [161] but this assertion was not tested in detail for organisms other than culturable FIB. Temperature and location affect decay rates of most organisms tested (e.g., FIB, bacteriophage, viral pathogens, MST markers) almost unilaterally with greater persistence at lower temperatures [150,162,163,164,165,166] and in the sediments and sands compared to the water column (recently reviewed in [167]).…”

Section: Susceptibility To Environmental Stressorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between Microbial Indicators and Pathogens in Recreational Water Settings

Korajkic

McMinn

Harwood

2018

IJERPH

140

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Fecal pollution of recreational waters can cause scenic blight and pose a threat to public health, resulting in beach advisories and closures. Fecal indicator bacteria (total and fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, and enterococci), and alternative indicators of fecal pollution (Clostridium perfringens and bacteriophages) are routinely used in the assessment of sanitary quality of recreational waters. However, fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), and alternative indicators are found in the gastrointestinal tract of humans, and many other animals and therefore are considered general indicators of fecal pollution. As such, there is room for improvement in terms of their use for informing risk assessment and remediation strategies. Microbial source tracking (MST) genetic markers are closely associated with animal hosts and are used to identify fecal pollution sources. In this review, we examine 73 papers generated over 40 years that reported the relationship between at least one indicator and one pathogen group or species. Nearly half of the reports did not include statistical analysis, while the remainder were almost equally split between those that observed statistically significant relationships and those that did not. Statistical significance was reported less frequently in marine and brackish waters compared to freshwater, and the number of statistically significant relationships was considerably higher in freshwater (p < 0.0001). Overall, significant relationships were more commonly reported between FIB and pathogenic bacteria or protozoa, compared to pathogenic viruses (p: 0.0022–0.0005), and this was more pronounced in freshwater compared to marine. Statistically significant relationships were typically noted following wet weather events and at sites known to be impacted by recent fecal pollution. Among the studies that reported frequency of detection, FIB were detected most consistently, followed by alternative indicators. MST markers and the three pathogen groups were detected least frequently. This trend was mirrored by reported concentrations for each group of organisms (FIB > alternative indicators > MST markers > pathogens). Thus, while FIB, alternative indicators, and MST markers continue to be suitable indicators of fecal pollution, their relationship with waterborne pathogens, particularly viruses, is tenuous at best and influenced by many different factors such as frequency of detection, variable shedding rates, differential fate and transport characteristics, as well as a broad range of site-specific factors such as the potential for the presence of a complex mixture of multiple sources of fecal contamination and pathogens.

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“…Additionally, we added a washout rate to account for competition that we omitted by removing other cell types. It is crucial to notice that competition among microorganism is an essential player in biological systems (Gregory et al, 2017) and neglecting that from the model without placing another limiting factor on growing cycle of bacteria will result in an unrealistically high concentration of cells which affects the robustness of results.…”

Section: R* As a Measure Of Outer-membrane Vesicles Fitness In Differmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since E. coli is a heterotrophic bacteria (Gregory et al, 2017), we used the same numbers for the relative size of OMVs to one of the bacteria (refer to Chapter 3.2) to estimate values off and φ V .…”

Section: Introducing Omvs To the Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial outer-membrane vesicle as a countermeasure against viral infection

Mahdisoltani¹

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Nutrient loading impacts on culturable E. coli and other heterotrophic bacteria fate in simulated stream mesocosms

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

Persistence and Decay of Fecal Microbiota in Aquatic Habitats

Persistence and Decay of Fecal Microbiota in Aquatic Habitats

Relationships between Microbial Indicators and Pathogens in Recreational Water Settings

Bacterial outer-membrane vesicle as a countermeasure against viral infection

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