Nutrient leakage promotes biological control of dried sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc

Smith, A.M.

doi:10.1016/0038-0717(72)90002-8

Cited by 24 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In S. rolfsii, S. sclerotiorum and S. minor, but not S. delphinii, such sclerotia were rapidly colonized by soil microorganisms, resulting in rotting and death. Germination of sclerotia of Sclerotium cepivorum was not enhanced by drying (Smith, 1972~).…”

Section: Fungal Factors Affecting Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 88%

“…I n my earlier review, I concluded that pH within the usual biological limits did not greatly affect fungistasis, though at strongly acid pH levels fungistasis was often reduced because of restricted bacterial and actinomycete activity. This relationship has been confirmed (Emmatty & Green, 1967; Schuepp & Green, 1968; Kriiger, 1969; Schuepp & Frei, 1969; Hora & Baker, 1970, 1972b, and there is now reason to suspect that less gross pH changes may affect fungistasis. The most detailed studies in this regard are those of Schuepp and his colleagues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Dickinson & Coley-Smith, 1970; Coley-Smith & Dickinson, 1971 ; Gilbert & Linderman, 1g71), major constituents of which are carbohydrates including glucose, and amino acids (Coley-Smith & Dickinson, 1971;Fraser, 1971;Smith, 1972b; Jackson & Knight, 1973;Bristow & …”

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confidence: 99%

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Fungistasis in Soils

Lockwood

1977

Biological Reviews

209

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SUMMARY 1. Fungistasis in soil is a widespread phenomenon affecting most fungal propagules, though some are insensitive. In most instances, it is coexistent with the presence of living microorganisms, and is annulled by energy‐yielding nutrients. Fungistasis with characteristics similar to that in soil may also occur on leaves of plants. 2. Germination and growth of bacteria and actinomycetes is also restricted in soils. The characteristics of their inhibition appear to be the same as those for fungi. Therefore, the concept of a widespread microbial inhibition in soil can be applied to all three groups of microorganisms. 3. Fungistasis can be detected by various direct methods, or indirectly by methods involving the use of porous or permeable carriers. It may be expressed as a restriction on the final amount of germination (the usual parameter), germination rate (with time), and rate of germ‐tube or hyphal growth. Since the expression of fungistasis is often complete in soil, titration with nutrients may be required to distinguish between the sensitivities of different fungi. 4. Fungistasis generally is expressed most strongly at soil moisture contents somewhat less than saturation. Its expression usually is maximal in neutral or slightly alkaline soils. In acidic conditions fungistasis may be lessened because of suppression of bacterial and actinomycete activity. Increased sensitivity of some fungi in soils of pH > 7.0 may be caused by a directly unfavourable effect of pH on the fungus. 5. Fungal species with small spores tend to be highly sensitive to fungistasis. These spores tend to germinate slowly and to require exogenous nutrients for germination. By contrast, species with larger spores and sclerotia often do not require exogenous nutrients for germination. The larger spores tend to germinate rapidly and to exhibit low sensitivity, as compared with small spores. A few nutrient‐independent spores are insensitive to fungistasis. At least a part of the difference in sensitivity is related to germination time; spores which germinate slowly compete poorly with the soil micro‐flora for their nutrients. 6. Fungistasis is often temporarily annulled by enriching the soil with energy‐yielding nutrients. Usually, complex materials such as plant residues are most effective. A few weeks after such treatment, the level of fungistasis may, however, be increased. Annulment of fungistasis by compounds not utilized as energy sources has not yet been demonstrated. 7. Several soils naturally suppressive to Fusarium wilt diseases were more fungistatic to Fusarium than soils conducive to wilt. Potential means by which fungistasis may be manipulated to control root‐infecting fungi are (a) through stimulation of germination with nutrients, thus exposing the germ tube to lysis, and (b) by increasing the fungistatic level of soil through appropriate amendments. 8. Volatile substances identified in soils, some of which are potentially inhibitory to fungi include (a) ammonia, which apparently is evolved from ammonium salts in some ar...

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Section: Fungal Factors Affecting Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Fungistasis in Soils

Lockwood

1977

Biological Reviews

209

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“…Collar rot incidence may increase following periods of temperature and nloisture tluctuation; cycles of drying and wetting have bccn reportcd to stimulate gcrrnination of sclerotia (Smith, 1972). Thc presence of an organic substrate for mycelial growth may enhance disease severity (Beute and Rodriguez-Kabana, 1979).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pathology of Food and Pasture Legumes

Putnam

1999

Crop Science

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Introduction Frogeye leaf spot Anthracnose Stem canker Pod and stem blight Fusarium root, collar and pod rot Charcoal rot Rust Phytophthora root and stem rot Pythium root and seedling rot Rhizoctonia diseases Sclerotinia stem rot Septoria brown spot Bacterial blight Bean yellow mosaic Soybean mosaic Bud blight Brazilian bud blight Soybean cyst nematode Prospective Acknowledgements References Conclusions References Diseases of Clover PC. Mercer Introduction Fusarium root rot complex Clover rot Scorch l'owdery mildew Pepper spot I ~a f spot Black or sooty blotch Clover phyllody Clover yellow vein mosaic Bean yellow mosaic White clover mosaic Alfalfa mosaic Red clover necrotic mosaic Subterranean clover red leaf Conclusions References

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“…)やGliocladium属菌 (Papavizas and Lewis, 1989 (Smith, 1972a(Smith, , 1972b and Goulty, 1984;Herr, 1995;Ichielvich-Auster et al, 1985)やFusarium属菌 (小川,1988;Postma and Rattink, 1992;手塚・牧野,1991;Yamaguchi et al, 1992) et al, 1987;Matsumoto and Tajimi, 1992 る (Punja and Grogen, 1983).…”

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confidence: 99%