Nutrient Leaching following Land Application of Aerobically Digested Municipal Sewage Sludge in a Northern Hardwood Forest

Abstract

Concentrations of selected cations and anions were determined in soil solutions from a forested site in southern New Hampshire during the first growing season after surface application of an aerobically‐digested, limed, liquid municipal sludge. Sludge was applied in June 1989 at 0, 3.3, 6.9, and 14.5 Mg ha−1, which corresponded to 199, 396, and 740 kg N ha−1 as total Kjeldahl N (TKN). Porous, suction‐cup lysimeters were used to sample soil solutions below the rooting zone (≈60cm) within subplots designed to include (untrenched) exclude (trenched) uptake by vegetation. Following sludge application, measured solute concentrations remained low until September 1989, when NO3, Cl, Ca, Mg, Na, and K in trenched subplots increased simultaneously to maximum values in October or November 1989, just before the soil froze for the winter. Nitrate was the dominant anion in soil solutions from trenched subplots and averaged in excess of 0.71 mmol L−1 (10 mg L−1 NO3‐N) at all loading rates. Highest concentrations of NO3 occurred on subplots with the highest sludge application rates. In the untrenched areas, NO3 concentrations rarely exceeded 0.001 mmol L−1; Cl increased in treated areas and was the dominant anion by the end of the season. Soil solution NH4, PO4, SO4, K, and pH did not change significantly for any sludge application rate. Comparison of results from trenched and untrenched areas suggests that, at application rates of up to 14.5 Mg ha−1 (799 kg TKN ha−1), a combination of physical, chemical, and biological factors (most likely plant uptake) limited the movement of sludge or sludge‐derived constituents from the sites of application.

Características químicas de solo cultivado com soja e irrigado com água residuária da suinocultura

“…Medalie et al (1994), e se considerando que quanto maior a quantidade de adubo nitrogenado maior também a acidez do solo em função da liberação do íon H + e que os valores de pH encontrados não diferem entre si significativamente, é possível inferir que também não ocorreu lixiviação desse íon. Novamente, a inexistência de lixiviação advém dos fatores já mencionados antes, responsáveis pelo maior controle da lâmina aplicada, já que o excesso de água induz à lixiviação de nutrientes básicos, como o cálcio e o magnésio, sendo substituídos, no complexo de troca, por elementos acidificantes, como os hidrogênio, manganês e alumínio, promovendo grau elevado de acidez, segundo Lopes (1989) e Guerra et al (1999).…”

Effect of repeated applications of sewage sludge on the fate of N in soils under Monterey pine stands

“…8B-D), which suggests that nitrification rates may have increased at higher temperatures, with subsequent leaching of the NO 3 À produced. Other authors have observed a lag period between maximum rates of nitrification and the peak in NO 3 À in leachates (Medalie et al, 1994;Hallett et al, 1999). Leachate pH (data not shown) followed an inverse pattern to that of NO 3 À -N, decreasing from an initial mean pH of 4.5, to a mean pH of 4.0 at the first NO 3 À -N peak, and from a mean pH of 4.3 to a mean pH of 4.0 at the following NO 3 À -N peak.…”

Mineralização do carbono e do nitrogênio no solo após sucessivas aplicações de lodo de esgoto

“…Esta situação representa risco ambiental, pois o aumento gradual da capacidade do solo em fornecer N (Jin et al, 2011) deve, teoricamente, ser acompanhado da redução nas doses aplicadas, para prevenir o excesso de N inorgânico, a lixiviação de NO 3 -para águas subterrâneas (Medaile et al, 1994;Oliveira et al, 2001;Dynia et al, 2006) e a emissão de N 2 O para a atmosfera (Chiaradia et al, 2009;Pitombo, 2011).…”