Nutrient intake, digestibility and performance of Gaddi kids supplemented with tea seed or tea seed saponin extract

Abstract

ObjectiveAn experiment was conducted to determine the nutrient intake, digestibility, microbial protein synthesis, haemato-biochemical attributes, immune response and growth performance of Gaddi kids fed with oat fodder based basal diet supplemented with either tea seed or tea seed saponin (TSS) extract.MethodsEighteen male kids, 7.03±0.16 months of age and 19.72±0.64 kg body weight, were distributed into three groups, T0 (control), T1, and T2, consisting of 6 animals each in a completely randomized design. The kids were fed a basal diet consisting of concentrate mixture and oat fodder (50:50). Animals in group III (T2) were supplemented with TSS at 0.4% of dry matter intake (DMI), and group II (T1) were supplemented with tea seed at 2.6% of DMI to provide equivalent dose of TSS as in T2. Two metabolism trials were conducted, 1st after 21 days and 2nd after 90 days of feeding to evaluate the short term and long term effects of supplementation.ResultsThe tea seed (T1) or TSS (T2) supplementation did not affect DMI as well as the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, and acid detergent fibre. Nutritive value of diet and plane of nutrition were also comparable for both the periods. However, the average daily gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were improved (p<0.05) for T1 and T2 as compared to T0. The microbial protein supply was also higher (p<0.05) for T1 and T2 for both the periods. There was no effect of supplementation on most blood parameters. However, the triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels decreased (p<0.05) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol level increased (p<0.05) in T2 as compared with T0 and T1. Supplementation also did not affect the cell mediated and humoral immune response in goats.ConclusionTea seed at 2.6% of DMI and TSS at 0.4% DMI can be fed to Gaddi goats to improve growth rate, FCR and microbial protein synthesis.

Effect of Lerak (Sapindus Rarak) Extract in High Roughage Diet on Rumen Microbial Protein Synthesis and Performance of Sheep

“…The higher the level of SRE added into the feed, the higher the microbial protein synthesis and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis. The same result was reported with tea saponin when fed sheep with 3 g head -1 day -1 of tea saponin (Mao et al 2010) and when fed goat with 0.4% DM intake day -1 of tea saponin (Kumar et al 2017). As saponins reduced protozoa, a lower predation of bacteria by protozoa occurred and resulted in a higher number of bacterial population or higher microbial protein synthesis and a slower microbial protein turnover in the rumen leading to increase bacterial N flow to the duodenum (Belanche et al 2011).…”

Effect of Condensed Tannins and Saponin Supplementation on Reproductive Performance in Barki Ewes

“…Similar Zhou et al (2014) where they did not found significant effect in plasma GLU, TG, urea and AST concentrations, also Pathak et al (2016) did not found significant effect in serum CRT concentration that for tannins. On the other hand Kumar et al (2017) found that supplementation 2.6% of total DMI tea seed saponin did not significant affect serum GLU, TG, urea, CRT and AST concentrations. Moreover, YSE and QCTE+YSE groups, increased (P=0.0001) serum ALT concentration (19.72 and 20.74 U/L, respectively) in comparison with the QCTE and control ewes (16.90 and 16.92 U/L, respectively).…”

Effects of Antidesma thwaitesianum Muell. Arg. pomace as a source of plant secondary compounds on digestibility, rumen environment, hematology, and milk production in dairy cows

“…In addition, Kumar et al. () reported that the hemoglobin concentrations were not affected by tea seed (154 g SP/kg) at 2.6% of DM intake in Gaddi kids. These results could be assumed that supplementation of MPM (92 g CT/kg and 98 g SP/kg) at an unlimited level in the diet has no toxic effect in dairy cows.…”

“…This is in agreement with Valizadeh, Norouzian, Salemi, Ghiasi, and Yari (2010) who reported that use of pistachio byproduct at 10-30% in the diets (10-27 g tannins/kg) did not affect WBC, lymphocyte, neutrophils, and monocytes in lambs. In addition, Kumar et al (2017) reported that the hemoglobin concentrations were not affected by tea seed (154 g SP/kg) at 2.6% of DM intake in Gaddi kids. These results could be assumed that supplementation of MPM (92 g CT/kg and 98 g SP/kg) at an unlimited level in the diet has no toxic effect in dairy cows.…”

“…However, research is still required on the optimum sources of CT and SP, the level of CT astringency (chemical composition) and dose rates required to decrease methane and stimulate animal performance (Gunun et al, 2018;Wanapat, Kang, & Polyorach, 2013). Although most plant secondary compounds are considered safe when they are supplemented; however, certain kinds of CT may exert toxic effects in the animal body (Acharya et al, 2015;Kumar, Kannan, Bhar, Gulati, & Gaurav Sharma, 2017;Olafadehan, 2011). The hematological features have attracted many researchers to look at their indices in order to make clinical predictions of the health status of animals due to the fastest means of ascertaining toxicity of ingested feed in animals is by assessment of the blood (Olafadehan, Adewumi, & Okunade, 2014).…”