Nutrient dynamics of the southern and northern BOREAS boreal forests

Gower, Stith T.; Hunter, Amanda; Campbell, John L.; Vogel, Jason G.; Veldhuis, Hugo; Harden, Jennifer W.; Trumbore, S.E.; Kucharik, Christopher J.

doi:10.1080/11956860.2000.11682620

Cited by 37 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The N concentration and N content values reported in this study are similar to those reported for other boreal stands (Cole and Rapp 1981;Van Cleve et al 1983;Gower et al 2000;Wirth et al 2002). Schulze et al (1995) and Wirth et al (2002) found no correlation between stand age and ecosystem N content in Siberian boreal forests, but we observed positive correlations between total N content and stand age in both the well-drained and, less clearly, poorly drained stands (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Analysis was performed by the University of Wisconsin Soil and Plant Analysis Laboratory using sulfuric acid digestion with a Cu catalyst (Bremmer 1965). No aboveground tree tissue samples were taken at the 151-or 71-year-old stands; the [N] values reported by Gower et al (2000) for the 151-year-old stand (the BOREAS OBS site) were used instead.…”

Section: Nitrogen Concentration and Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The N cycling dynamics of major North America boreal forest types have been studied largely in mature forests (Foster and Morrison 1976;Flanagan and Van Cleve 1983;Van Cleve et al 1983;Foster et al 1995;Ruess et al 1996;Gower et al 2000). Nitrogen cycling dynamics change dramatically during stand development (Vitousek and Reiners 1975;Zackrisson et al 2004); this has been studied in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) (Mä kipä ä 1995;DeLuca et al 2002a;Helmisaari et al 2002;Wirth et al 2002) and Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii) (Schulze et al 1995) forests, but we are unaware of a similar study for black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Boreal forest N transformations and uptake vary with forest type and location (Gower et al 2000), and strongly affect production, successional patterns, and ecosystem structure and function (Van Cleve et al 1971;Binkley 1992;Mä kipä ä 1995). Decomposition and mineralization of detritus are highly important nutrient sources in boreal forests (Ruess et al 1996), in spite of the slow rates of these processes due to cold temperatures and poor soil drainage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrogen dynamics of a boreal black spruce wildfire chronosequence

et al. 2006

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This study examined the nitrogen (N) dynamics of a black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP)-dominated chronosequence in Manitoba, Canada. The seven sites studied each contained separate well-and poorly drained stands, originated from stand-killing wildfires, and were between 3 and 151 years old. Our goals were to (i) measure total N concentration ([N]) of all biomass components and major soil horizons; (ii) compare N content and select vegetation N cycle processes among the stands; and (iii) examine relationships between ecosystem C and N cycling for these stands. Vegetation [N] varied significantly by tissue type, species, soil drainage, and stand age; woody debris [N] increased with decay state and decreased with debris size. Soil [N] declined with horizon depth but did not vary with stand age. Total (live + dead) biomass N content ranged from 18.4 to 99.7 g N m )2 in the welldrained stands and 37.8-154.6 g N m )2 in the poorly drained stands. Mean soil N content (380.6 g N m )2 ) was unaffected by stand age. Annual vegetation N requirement (5.9 and 8.4 g N m )2 yr )1 in the middle-aged well-and poorly drained stands, respectively) was dominated by trees and fine roots in the well-drained stands, and bryophytes in the poorly drained stands. Fraction N retranslocated was significantly higher in deciduous than evergreen tree species, and in older than younger stands. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) was significantly lower in bryophytes than in trees, and in deciduous than in evergreen trees. Tree NUE increased with stand age, but overall stand NUE was roughly constant (~150 g g )1 N) across the entire chronosequence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Nitrogen Concentration and Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrogen dynamics of a boreal black spruce wildfire chronosequence

et al. 2006

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“…Residue deposited by deciduous and annual species have different nutrient concentrations than coniferous species. Consequently, decomposition rates and nutrient release vary with successional changes in the forest canopy (Gower et al, 2000;Prescott et al, 2000;Hagen-Thorn et al, 2004).…”

Section: The Almanac Bf Algorithm Function and Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant growth simulation for landscape-scale hydrological modelling

Kiniry

MacDonald

Kemanian

et al. 2008

Hydrological Sciences Journal

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Landscape-scale hydrological models can be improved by incorporating realistic, process-oriented plant models for simulating crops, perennial grasses and woody species. The objective of this project was to present some approaches for plant modelling applicable to daily time step hydrological transport models, such as SWAT. Accurate simulation of plant growth can improve the accuracy of simulations of hydrological and biogeochemical cycles. First, we describe some unique aspects of the general plant model ALMANAC. Next, we describe a modification of the original ALMANAC model used to simulate complex successional vegetation changes in the years following disturbance of a variety of different forest ecosystems, such as forest fires, clear cuts and insect infestations. Finally, we discuss alternative physiological and physical process simulation techniques of plant growth that could increase simulation accuracy in landscape-scale hydrological and transport models such as SWAT.Key words Beer's law; forestry modelling; leaf area index; plant simulation; radiation use efficiency Simulation de croissance végétale au service de la modélisation hydrologique a l'échelle du paysage Résumé Les modèles hydrologiques qui fonctionnent à l'échelle du paysage peuvent être améliorés en incorporant des modèles de plante réalistes orientés sur les processus pour simuler les cultures, les prairies permanentes et les espèces ligneuses. Ce projet a eu pour but de présenter quelques approches de modélisation des plantes intégrables au sein de modèles hydrologiques à pas de temps journalier, comme le modèle SWAT. Une simulation précise de la croissance végétale peut améliorer la précision des simulations des cycles hydrologiques et biogéochimiques. Nous commençons en décrivant quelques aspects originaux du modèle végétal général ALMANAC. Puis nous décrivons une modification de la version originale d'ALMANAC pour simuler des changements complexes de succession végétale au cours des années qui suivent la perturbation d'un écosystème forestier, comme un incendie de forêt, une coupe claire ou une infestation d'insecte. Finalement, nous discutons quelques techniques alternatives pour simuler les processus physiologiques et physiques de la croissance végétale qui pourraient améliorer la précision des simulations de végétation dans les modèles hydrologiques à l'échelle du paysage comme SWAT.

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Drivers of legacy soil organic matter decomposition after fire in boreal forests

Izbicki,

Walker,

Baltzer

et al. 2023

Ecosphere

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Boreal forests harbor as much carbon (C) as the atmosphere and significant amounts of organic nitrogen (N), the nutrient most likely to limit plant productivity in high‐latitude ecosystems. In the boreal biome, the primary disturbance is wildfire, which consumes plant biomass and soil material, emits greenhouse gasses, and influences long‐term C and N cycling. Climate warming and drying is increasing wildfire severity and frequency and is combusting more soil organic matter (SOM). Combustion of surface SOM exposes deeper older layers of accumulated soil material that previously escaped combustion during past fires, here termed legacy SOM. Postfire SOM decomposition and nutrient availability are determined by these layers, but the drivers of legacy SOM decomposition are unknown. We collected soils from plots after the largest fire year on record in the Northwest Territories, Canada, in 2014. We used radiocarbon dating to measure Δ14C (soil age index), soil extractions to quantify N pools and microbial biomass, and a 90‐day laboratory incubation to measure the potential rate of element mineralization and understand patterns and drivers of legacy SOM C decomposition and N availability. We discovered that bulk soil C age predicted C decomposition, where cumulatively, older soil (approximately −450.0‰) produced 230% less C during the incubation than younger soil (~0.0‰). Soil age also predicted C turnover times, with old soil turnover 10 times slower than young soil. We found respired C was younger than bulk soil C, indicating most C enters and leaves relatively quickly, while the older portion remains a stable C sink. Soil age and other indices were unrelated to N availability, but microbial biomass influenced N availability, with more microbial biomass immobilizing soil N pools. Our results stress the importance of legacy SOM as a stable C sink and highlight that soil age drives the pace and magnitude of soil C contributions to the atmosphere between wildfires.

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Nutrient dynamics of the southern and northern BOREAS boreal forests

Cited by 37 publications

References 29 publications

Nitrogen dynamics of a boreal black spruce wildfire chronosequence

Nitrogen dynamics of a boreal black spruce wildfire chronosequence

Plant growth simulation for landscape-scale hydrological modelling

Drivers of legacy soil organic matter decomposition after fire in boreal forests

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