Nutrient diversity in 251 Indian rice germplasms and dietary nutrient supply through rice in rice based diets

Nutrient variability of rice landraces (Oryza sativa L.) from Manipur, Northeast India and its nutrients supply potential in rice-based diets

“…The mean content of minerals in decreasing order was P (283) > K (272) > Mg (123) > Ca (12) >Mn (2.28) >Zn (2.17) >Fe (0.94) >Cu (0.29), mg/100 g ,respectively. A similar order of element concentrations in brown rice from China and India has been reported by Zeng et al (2009) and Longvah et al (2021), though each investigator's absolute concentration of elements was different. The range of macroelements was phosphorus 136-341 mg/100 g, potassium 170-342 mg/100 g, magnesium 63-164 mg/100 g and calcium 7-16 mg/100 g with 19, 13, 18 and 17% coefficient of variation, respectively.…”

“…Visible differences in the mineral element contents were observed among the Manipur brown rice landraces. Mean Iron content in Manipur brown rice landraces was 0.94 mg/100 g, which was comparable to 1.1 and 1.2 mg/100 g reported in Indian brown rice cultivars (Longvah et al, 2021) and in Vietnamese brown rice varieties (Phuong et al, 1999), respectively. A relatively high variation of 27% CV for grain iron content even in the 33 samples signifies ample room for improving iron content in rice grains.…”

“…Compared to the present study, a much wider range of protein content (4.5 to 15.9 g/100g) has been reported in 1626 Asian milled rice (Kennedy and Burlingame, 2003) due to the much higher sample size. The mean fat content in Manipur brown rice landraces was 2.99 g/100 g, which was relatively higher than the 2.42 g/100g reported in 251 modern Indian brown rice cultivars (Longvah et al, 2021). In the present study, fat content ranged from 2.27 g/100g in RINGUI MAA to 3.64 g/100g in KEITITA NAP and 48% of the landraces had fat content >3 g/100g.…”

“…Mean phytate content in Manipur brown rice landraces was 400 mg/100 g, and it ranged from 379 mg/100 g in KHUNDAMA to 412 mg/100 g in MOIRANG PHOU. Higher phytate levels have been reported in Indian brown rice (541 mg/100 g), Malawian rice (544 mg/100 g) and much higher levels in Thai brown rice (860 mg/100 g) by Longvah et al (2021), Joy et al (2017) and Banchuen et al (2009), respectively. The concentrations of phytate are vital in determining the bioavailability of divalent metal ions and the significantly lower phytate levels in Manipur brown rice landraces is an important characteristic, offering a distinct advantage over modern varieties.…”

“…The TDF content in Manipur brown rice landraces was 5.54 g/100 g and only 15% of the samples had less than 5 g/100g. A much lower TDF content of 4.4 g/100 g was reported in 251 modern Indian brown rice cultivars (Longvah et al, 2021). Therefore, rice landraces appear to be a moderately good source of total dietary fiber, a very beneficial trait that can be used for plant breeding.…”