Nutrient Cycling and Soil Fertility in the Grazed Pasture Ecosystem

Haynes, Richard; Williams, P. H.

doi:10.1016/s0065-2113(08)60794-4

Cited by 1,054 publications

(919 citation statements)

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“…Sheep dung was applied at a rate equivalent to 5 kg/m 2 . This rate is within the typical range of dung excretion for sheep (Haynes and Williams, 1993;Whitehead, 1995). The N load of dung for sheep fed ryegrass was 430 kg N/ha and for sheep fed forage rape was 890 kg N/ha.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 76%

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Nitrous oxide emission factors for urine and dung from sheep fed either fresh forage rape (Brassica napus L.) or fresh perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

Luo

Sun

Pacheco

et al. 2015

Animal

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In New Zealand, agriculture is predominantly based on pastoral grazing systems and animal excreta deposited on soil during grazing have been identified as a major source of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions. Forage brassicas (Brassica spp.) have been increasingly used to improve lamb performance. Compared with conventional forage perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), a common forage in New Zealand, forage brassicas have faster growth rates, higher dry matter production and higher nutritive value. The aim of this study was to determine the partitioning of dietary nitrogen (N) between urine and dung in the excreta from sheep fed forage brassica rape (B. napus subsp. oleifera L.) or ryegrass, and then to measure N 2 O emissions when the excreta from the two different feed sources were applied to a pasture soil. A sheep metabolism study was conducted to determine urine and dung-N outputs from sheep fed forage rape or ryegrass, and N partitioning between urine and dung. Urine and dung were collected and then used in a field plot experiment for measuring N 2 O emissions. The experimental site contained a perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture on a poorly drained silt-loam soil. The treatments included urine from sheep fed forage rape or ryegrass, dung from sheep fed forage rape or ryegrass, and a control without dung or urine applied. N 2 O emission measurements were carried out using a static chamber technique. For each excreta type, the total N 2 O emissions and emission factor (EF3; N 2 O-N emitted during the 3-or 8-month measurement period as a per cent of animal urine or dung-N applied, respectively) were calculated. Our results indicate that, in terms of per unit of N intake, a similar amount of N was excreted in urine from sheep fed either forage rape or ryegrass, but less dung N was excreted from sheep fed forage rape than ryegrass. The EF3 for urine from sheep fed forage rape was lower compared with urine from sheep fed ryegrass. This may have been because of plant secondary metabolites, such as glucosinolates in forage rape and their degradation products, are transferred to urine and affect soil N transformation processes. However, the difference in the EF3 for dung from sheep fed ryegrass and forage rape was not significant.Keywords: Excreta, N partitioning, sheep, brassicas, nitrous oxide ImplicationsNitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions from soil are one of the main components of greenhouse gases in the agricultural sector and animal excreta have been identified as a major source of these emissions. Our study showed that feeding forage rape reduced the N 2 O-N emission factor (EF3; N 2 O-N emitted during the 3-month measurement period as a per cent of animal excreta N applied) for sheep urine by about 60%, compared with feeding perennial ryegrass. This finding is significant for developing mitigation measures to reduce EF3 for animal urine. Further study needs to be conducted under different soil and climate conditions to confirm this finding. IntroductionIn New Zealand, agriculture is predominantly based on g...

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 76%

“…This rate is a typical average for sheep (Haynes and Williams, 1993;Whitehead, 1995). From the results of the metabolism study it was expected that the N concentration of urine from sheep fed forage rape would be lower than the N concentration of urine from sheep fed ryegrass.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Nitrous oxide emission factors for urine and dung from sheep fed either fresh forage rape (Brassica napus L.) or fresh perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

Luo

Sun

Pacheco

et al. 2015

Animal

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“…On the other hand, it is noteworthy that during two years of growth (2007)(2008)(2009), there was moderate rainfall in almost every month, with a total rainfall of 1,386 mm at the end of the experimental period (Figure 1), a value higher than the average historic of the city of Caruaru that is less than 600 mm per year. This high rainfall, outside the historical pattern, may have contributed to faster nutrient release, as well as maintaining soil moisture at adequate levels for growth, because according to Haynes and Williams (1993), the impact of raindrops promotes the physical breakdown of manure, which in turn releases nutrients.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Planting Densityand Organic Fertilization Doses on Productive Efficiency of Cactus Pear

et al. 2016

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-Cactus is crucial for the livestock of semi-arid regions in Brazil. This plant has shown the high productivity of forage, which is influenced by several management factors. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of organic fertilization doses (20, 40 and 80 t/ ha of bovine manure/ha/two years) and planting densities (20, 40, 80 and 160 thousand plants/ha) on the productivity of cactus pear Clone IPA-20 (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill). At the Experimental Station of Caruaru at the Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco, IPA has conducted the experiment. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with split plot arrangements. Higher shoot productivity was observed with increased population density and the application of manure at 80 t ha-1two years-1 with values of 61, 90, 117 and 139 t DM ha -1 two years -1 at densities of 20, 40, 80 and 160,000 plants ha-1. The planting density influenced the productivity of cladode-plant and root dry weight, showing exponential responses, with higher cladode-plant and roots weight by area observed with increased plant density. The efficiency of organic fertilization decreased with the increase in manure doses. For increase cactus productivity, 40 t of bovine manure ha -1 two years -1 for plantations with 160,000 plants/ha is recommended. , 80 e 160.000 plantas/ha. A produtividade do cladódio-planta e peso seco da raiz foram influenciados pela densidade de plantio, apresentando respostas exponenciais, tendendo a apresentar maior peso do cladódio planta e raízes por área com a elevação da densidade de plantio. A eficiência da adubação orgânica diminuiu com a elevação das doses de esterco. Recomenda-se para plantios com 160.000 plantas/ha aplicação de, no mínimo, 40 t de esterco bovino/ha/dois anos para incremento na produtividade da palma. KeywordsPalavras-chave: Cactácea. Esterco bovino. Opuntia. População de plantas.

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“…This may be explained by the high levels of OM observed in these areas. In the pasture soil, an increase of macronutrients is expected because approximately 60 to 95 % of ingested nutrients can return, due to grazing excretions (Haynes & Williams, 1993;Ceretta et al, 2003). The increase in macronutrients may also be due to the migration of ions (those linked to water-soluble organic substances), such as those originating from root senescence (Miyazawa et al, 1993).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humic Haplustox under different land uses in a high altitude environment in the Agreste region of Pernambuco, Brazil

Araújo

Ribeiro

Corrêa

et al. 2014

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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SUMMARYThe Garanhuns Plateau in the Agreste region of the State of Pernambuco, Brazil is characterized by humid climatic conditions due to orographic rains, unlike the surrounding semiarid region. These soils are subjected to intense agricultural use and are extremely important for the regional economy. This study was carried out in the municipality of Brejão in the Agreste region with the aim of assessing changes in humic Haplustox soils subjected to different land uses. Four plots with different vegetation covers (native forest, secondary shrubby vegetation (capoeira), traditional cropping system, and planted pasture) were selected, and samples were taken from a soil profile and four small pits surrounding it at each site. Physical and chemical properties were assessed, including aggregate stability, humic organic fractions, and a microbiological evaluation through determination of basal respiration, microbial biomass carbon, and metabolic quotient. The soils under study showed physical and chemical properties typical of a Haplustox, such as low nutrient content, low cation exchange capacity, and high levels of acidity and Al saturation. The total organic carbon (TOC) contents were high regardless of the type of land use. Aggregates < 2 mm were dominant in all the conditions under study. The TOC content was higher in the soil under capoeira, 43.91 g kg -1 on the surface, while 34.36 and 33.43 g kg -1 of TOC were observed in the first layer of forest and pasture soils, respectively. While the microbial biomass C (MBC) was greater than 700 mg kg -1 in the forest and pasture areas (in the 0-5 cm layer), and 588 mg kg -1 in the soil under capoeira, these numbers were not statistically different. In the cultivated soil area, there was a reduction of around 28 % in TOC and MBC contents. Agricultural activity contributed to degradation of the humic 1338 horizon, as can be seen from a significant decrease in the TOC and changes in the relative distribution of the humic fractions. In contrast, aggregate stability was not altered as a function of the different land uses; the soil under planted pasture and capoeira were similar to the soil under native forest. Humin was the most important humified fraction for C reserves, contributing over 40 % of the TOC in these soils.Index terms: land use, highland soils, humic substances, aggregate stability, microbial biomass C. RESUMO: LATOSSOLOS AMARELOS HÚMICOS SOB DIFERENTES TIPOS DE UTILIZAÇÃO EM UM AMBIENTE ALTIMONTANO NO AGRESTE DE PERNAMBUCOO Planalto de Garanhuns, no Agreste de Pernambuco, destaca-se por apresentar características climáticas privilegiadas, favorecidas pelas chuvas orográficas, distinguindose da região semiárida circundante. Essas áreas mais úmidas são conhecidas como "brejos de altitude" e intensamente utilizadas e importantes para a economia regional. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido no município de Brejão, Agreste de Pernambuco, com o objetivo de identificar alterações nos atributos de Latossolos Amarelos Húmicos, submetidos às diferentes formas de uso do s...

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Nutrient Cycling and Soil Fertility in the Grazed Pasture Ecosystem

Cited by 1,054 publications

References 155 publications

Nitrous oxide emission factors for urine and dung from sheep fed either fresh forage rape (Brassica napus L.) or fresh perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

Nitrous oxide emission factors for urine and dung from sheep fed either fresh forage rape (Brassica napus L.) or fresh perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

Effects of Planting Densityand Organic Fertilization Doses on Productive Efficiency of Cactus Pear

Humic Haplustox under different land uses in a high altitude environment in the Agreste region of Pernambuco, Brazil

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