Nutrient Content of Throughfall and Stem-Flow in Woodland Recently Established on Heathland

Alcock, M. R.; Morton, A. J.

doi:10.2307/2260499

Cited by 32 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This could indicate canopy uptake instead of leaching, but most probably is a bias due to the filtering approach. In contrast to Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ , no significant differences between the forest types are found for K + throughfall (+stemflow) deposition, which may indicate that the higher DD from the atmosphere (soil dust and sea salt) to coniferous forest stands compensates for the higher canopy exchange in the deciduous forest stands (Alcock and Morton 1985;Houle et al 1999;Van Ek and Draaijers 1994). DD is the major source of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ in coniferous forests, while in deciduous forests open field deposition dominates the composition of throughfall (+stemflow) water.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…This can be concluded from the analysis of the calculated DDF of 17 stand pairs. Important causal factors are differences in vegetation structure, such as the generally lower height and leaf area index in deciduous stands (Augusto et al 2002), a higher stand and crown density and volume (Cole and Rapp 1981) and the summergreen character of deciduous stands (Alcock and Morton 1985;Draaijers 1993;Houle et al 1999;Erisman and Draaijers 2003). In addition, the leaf shape affects the amount of elements deposited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of forest type on throughfall deposition and seepage flux: a review

et al. 2007

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Converting deciduous forests to coniferous plantations and vice versa causes environmental changes, but till now insight into the overall effect is lacking. This review, based on 38 case studies, aims to find out how coniferous and deciduous forests differ in terms of throughfall (+stemflow) deposition and seepage flux to groundwater. From the comparison of coniferous and deciduous stands at comparable sites, it can be inferred that deciduous forests receive less N and S via throughfall (+stemflow) deposition on the forest floor. In regions with relatively low open field deposition of atmospheric N (<10 kg N ha(-1) year(-1)), lower NH(4)(+) mean throughfall (+stemflow) deposition was, however, reported under conifers compared to deciduous forest, while in regions with high atmospheric N pollution (>10 kg N ha(-1) year(-1)), the opposite could be concluded. The higher the open field deposition of NH(4)(+), the bigger the difference between the coniferous and deciduous throughfall (+stemflow) deposition. Furthermore, it can be concluded that canopy exchange of K(+), Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) is on average higher in deciduous stands. The significantly higher stand deposition flux of N and S in coniferous forests is reflected in a higher soil seepage flux of NO(3)(-), SO(4)(2-), K(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+) and Al(III). Considering a subset of papers for which all necessary data were available, a close relationship between throughfall (+stemflow) deposition and seepage was found for N, irrespective of the forest type, while this was not the case for S. This review shows that the higher input flux of N and S in coniferous forests clearly involves a higher seepage of NO(3)(-) and SO(4)(2-) and accompanying cations K(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+) and Al(III) into the groundwater, making this forest type more vulnerable to acidification and eutrophication compared to the deciduous forest type.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of forest type on throughfall deposition and seepage flux: a review

et al. 2007

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“…Stemflow was not collected because of its negligible contribution to the total ion flux reaching the forest floor in pine stands. For silver birch, its contribution to the total water flux and N flux to the forest floor is generally limited to 2 and 1%, respectively (Alcock and Morton, 1985). Throughfall and precipitation water were collected using polyethylene funnels (177 cm 2 ) supported by and draining into twoliter polyethylene bottles.…”

Section: Experimental Set-up and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen fluxes in deciduous and coniferous forests under historic high nitrogen deposition

et al. 2009

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Abstract. Numerous recent studies have indicated that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) play an important role in C and N cycling in natural ecosystems, and have shown that N deposition alters the concentrations and fluxes of dissolved organic substances and may increase leaching losses from forests. Our study was set up to accurately quantify concentrations and flux patterns of DOC, DON and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in deciduous and coniferous forest in Flanders, Belgium, under historical high nitrogen deposition. We measured DOC, DON and DIN concentrations at two weekly intervals in a silver birch (SB) stand, a corsican pine (CP) stand and a pine stand with higher N deposition (CPN), and used the SWAP model (calibrated with PEST) for generating accurate water and matter fluxes. The input with precipitation was an important source of DON, but not for DOC. Release of DOC from the forest floor was minimally affected by forest type, but higher N deposition (CPN stand) caused an 82% increase of DOC release from the forest floor. Adsorption to mineral soil material rich in iron and/or aluminum oxyhydroxides was suggested to be the most important process removing DOC from the soil solution, responsible for substantial retention (67-84%) of DOC entering the mineral soil profile with forest floor leachate. Generally, DON was less reactive (i.e. less removal from the soil solution) than DOC, resulting in decreasing DOC/DON ratios with soil depth. We found increased DOC retention in the mineral soil as a result of higher N deposition (84 kg ha −1 yr −1 additional DOC retention in CPN compared to CP). Overall DON leaching losses were 2.2, 3.3 and 5.0 kg N yr −1 for SB, CP and CPN, respectively, conCorrespondence to: S. De Neve (stefaan.deneve@ugent.be) tributing between 9-28% to total dissolved N (TDN) leaching. The relative contribution to TDN leaching from DON loss from SB and CP was mainly determined by (large) differences in DIN leaching. The large TDN leaching losses are alarming, especially in the CPN stand that was N saturated.

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“…In all cases the rainwater collected passed through washed glass wool to exclude invertebrates before entermg the collection vessel. Follow-ing Alcock & Morton (1985) mercuric acetate was added to the storage containers to prevent microbial growth at the start of each collection period and, when samples were retrieved, a few drops of chloroform were added to inhibit microbial growth during transport. For all samples pH was determined on collection, cations (K, Ca and Mg) determined by atomic emission/absorption spectrophotometry using a Thermo Jarrel Ash SI 2 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and anions (Cl and SO^) by ion chromatography using a Waters ion chromatograph fitted with an IC-PAK A HC Anion Standard column.…”

Section: Rainfall Collectiot? and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variations in acidic pollutant inputs and their effects on the chemistry of stemflow, bark and epiphyte tissues in three oak* woodlands in N.W. Britain

1991

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SUMMARYRainfall, throughfall and stemflow chemistry, bark chemistry and gaseous air pollutant levels were monitored for one year within three Quercus petraea (Mattuschka) Liebl. woodlands in north west Britain. Tissue chemistry of the epiphytic lichen Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm, and the moss hothecium myosuroides Brid. were also studied at the sites in which they were abundant. The sites were found to difFer in the levels of acidic and nutrient inputs, bark chemistry and levels of gaseous pollutants, although the latter were low at all the sites. The epiphyte tissue chemistry responded to changes in stemflow chemistry across the season. At Borrowdale. Cumbria, where acid sensitive lichens have declined, stemflow was always of a low pH (3-5-4-5) and lou nutrient content. The tissues of /. myosuroides at this site had low concentrations of nutrient cations, but a high nitrogen content, possibly due to a high nitrate input in the rainfall. It is concluded that acid precipitation will affect epiphytes by reducing the bark's buffering capacity and increasing its acidity. The extent to which this occurs will depend on tree species, soil chemistry and the nature of the atmospheric inputs. This is discussed in the context of the concept of critical loads for acidifying deposition.

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Nutrient Content of Throughfall and Stem-Flow in Woodland Recently Established on Heathland

Cited by 32 publications

References 10 publications

The effect of forest type on throughfall deposition and seepage flux: a review

The effect of forest type on throughfall deposition and seepage flux: a review

Patterns of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen fluxes in deciduous and coniferous forests under historic high nitrogen deposition

Seasonal variations in acidic pollutant inputs and their effects on the chemistry of stemflow, bark and epiphyte tissues in three oak* woodlands in N.W. Britain

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