Nutrient Content of the Diet as Determined by Hand Plucked and Esophageal Fistula Samples

Edlefsen, James; Cook, C. Wayne; Blake, J T

doi:10.2527/jas1960.192560x

Cited by 42 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It would appear that herbage quality may improve, when herbage is undisturbed by grazing, whereas a change in stocking density will not affect the quality of ingested herbage. Further, the ability of cattle to graze selectively (Edlefsen et al 1960;Arnold and Dudzinski 1978) appeared to eliminate changes in diet quality arising from changing leaf:stem ratios associated with variations in available herbage.…”

Section: Herbage Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of grazing system, stocking rate and season of use on diet quality and herbage availability of alfalfa-grass pastures

Popp¹,

McCaughey²,

Cohen³

1997

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 1997. Effect of grazing system, stocking rate and season of use on diet quality and herbage availability of alfalfa-grass pastures. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 77: 111-118. A 3-yr field experiment was conducted (1991)(1992)(1993) near Brandon, MB to determine the effects of continuous and rotational stocking, both at heavy (2.2 steers ha -1 ) and light (1.1 steers ha -1 ) stocking rates, and of season of use on nutritive value and sward characteristics of an alfalfa-grass pasture [approximately 70% alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), 25% meadow bromegrass (Bromus biebersteinii Roem & Schult.) and 5% Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski)]. Grazed herbage quality and herbage mass were determined concurrently on continuous and rotational stocking treatments several times each year, as animals entered and exited the 5th of 10 rotationally stocked paddocks. Grazing system and stocking rate did not affect (P > 0.05) dietary CP and IVDOM, except once (P < 0.05) for IVDOM in 1993. Both ADF and NDF were sometimes greater (P < 0.05) on heavy compared to light stocking rate treatments, but did not differ (P > 0.05) between grazing systems. As the 1991 season advanced, there was a decline (P < 0.05) in CP, but IVDOM, ADF and NDF remained unchanged (P > 0.05). In 1992, seasonal declines (P < 0.05) in CP and IVDOM and increases (P < 0.05) in ADF and NDF were observed for all treatments. In 1993, in vitro digestible organic matter and CP decreased (P < 0.05) on most treatments, while ADF and NDF increased (P < 0.05). Herbage mass tended (P < 0.10) to be lower when heavy stocking rates were used in all years, but was not affected (P > 0.05) by grazing system. Significant relationships (P < 0.001) among IVDOM, ADF and NDF were found. Neither grazing system nor stocking rate appeared to affect the quality of herbage ingested by cattle grazing alfalfa-grass pastures. La qualité de l'herbe et la quantité produite étaient déterminées simultanément dans les deux types de pâturage, plusieurs fois par année, à l'entrée des bêtes dans le cinquième de dix parquets conduits en pâturage tournant ainsi qu'à leur sortie. Le système pastoral et le taux de chargement n'avaient pas d'effet (P > 0,05) sur la teneur en PB de l'herbage ni sur la teneur en matière organiques digestible de la matière organique (MODIV), sauf une fois (P < 0,05) pour la MODIV en 1993. Les teneurs en ADF et en NDF étaient parfois plus élevées (P < 0,05) en régime de chargement lourd que sous chargement léger mais on n'observait pas de différence (P > 0,05) entre les deux systèmes de pâturage. A mesure que la saison de paissance 1991 avançait, il y avait une chute (P < 0,05) de la teneur en PB mais on ne notait pas de changement (P > 0,05) en ce qui touche MODIV, ADF et NDF. En 1992, on observait de même une chute (P < 0,05) des teneurs en PB au fil de la saison, mais également des accroissements (P < 0,05) des teneurs en ADF et en NDF dans tous les traitements. En 1993, les teneurs en MODIV et en PB diminuaient (P < 0,05) dans la plupart des traitements, tandis q...

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Section: Herbage Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of grazing system, stocking rate and season of use on diet quality and herbage availability of alfalfa-grass pastures

Popp¹,

McCaughey²,

Cohen³

1997

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…However, in alfalfa-based pastures, differences in the quality of ingested herbage were minimal between rotational and continuous stocking systems (Popp et al 1997a). This was because alfalfa improved nutrient quality and herbage availability and utilization of the pasture did not exceed 70% (Edlefsen et al 1960;Popp 1995;Popp et al 1997a). Herbage yield has been negatively correlated with herbage quality (White and Wight 1984;White 1986), but this negative relationship in pastures can be mitigated by using grazing management to control herbage availability and maturity and by the introduction of legumes such as alfalfa (Popp et al 1997a).…”

Section: Forage Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing pasture productivity with alfalfa: A review

Popp¹,

McCaughey²,

Cohen³

et al. 2000

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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, W. 2000. Enhancing pasture productivity with alfalfa: A review. Can. J. Plant Sci. 80: 513-519. Alfalfa has been recognized for its superior yield and quality in seeded pastures. However, when grazing immature alfalfa there is a risk of animal losses due to frothy bloat in some ruminant livestock. Inclusion of at least 50% grass in the pasture mixture is commonly recommended to reduce the risk of bloat. Two decades of plant breeding have resulted in the release of AC Grazeland, an alfalfa cultivar that reduces the incidence of bloat. Other bloat control agents such as pluronic detergents and ionophores can also be of value. Development of grazing-tolerant alfalfa varieties is solving some of the problems associated with lack of persistence of alfalfa in mixed stands; however, they are not bloat-safe. Animal productivity commonly increases when alfalfa is included in pasture mixtures. Improvements in cattle rate of gain are observed when alfalfa contributes as little as 35% to the sward. Grazing management is the principal method for controlling pasture yield and quality as well as animal performance and bloat incidence. When grazing management is used to optimize pasture production and nutrient intake, yearling steers can gain as much as 1.5 kg head -1 d -1 and liveweight production ranging from 107 kg ha -1 (on dryland) to 1946 kg ha -1 (under irrigation) can be expected. Limiting utilization of alfalfa-based pasture to ≤70% may be more important for maximizing gain per head than managing herbage quality. La luzerne est reconnue pour son rendement éléve, tant en quantité qu'en qualité, dans les pâturages de semis. Toutefois quand on fait pâturer de la luzerne trop jeune, on court le risque de pertes d'animaux dues au météorisme chez certaines espèces de ruminants, c'est pourquoi on conseille généralement d'inclure au moins 50 % de graminées dans les mélanges à pâturage. Deux décennies d'amélioration génétique ont abouti à la mise au commerce de AC Grazeland, un cultivar de luzerne moins météorisant. Des substances antimétéorisme comme les détergents pluroniques et les ionophores, peuvent avoir une certaine efficacité. La sélection de variétés de luzerne tolérantes à la pâture règle quelques-uns des problèmes liés au manque de longévité de la luzerne en peuplement mixte, mais elle n'apporte aucune solution au problème du météorisme. La productivité animale augmente généralement lorsque la luzerne est incluse dans les associations à pâturage. Une proportion d'aussi peu que 35 % de luzerne dans la prairie provoque des améliorations du taux de gain des bestiaux. La conduite du pâturage demeure le principal moyen de manipuler le rendement et la qualité de l'herbe, de même que les performances zootechniques et les risques de météorisme. Lorsque la conduite du pâturage est utilisée pour optimiser la production d'herbe et l'absorption d' éléments nutritifs, des bouvillons d'un an peuvent prendre jusqu'à 1,5 kg par jour et par animal avec une production en vif allant de 107 kg ha -1 en culture sèche et à 1 946 kg ha -...

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“…It is well recognized that hand-plucked samples frequently differ from the material selected by grazing cattle (e.g. Edlefsen, Cook & Blake, 1960;Kiesling, Nelson & Herbel, 1969). When soil was ingested, the phosphorus contents of the handplucked samples bore no relationship to those of boluses (Table 4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Prediction of the phosphorus content of herbage consumed by grazing cattle

Little

McLean

1977

J. Agric. Sci.

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The determination of feed phosphorus content using oesophageally fistulated cattle is reported in this paper, from an experiment in which salivary phosphorus was labelled with 32 P.An intravenous infusion of Na a 32 PO 4 to cattle produced an immediate increase in the specific activity of salivary phosphorus, which then fell rapidly to an essentially linear asymptote by 3 h after the infusion. The phosphorus content of consumed feed was calculated from the degree of reduction in salivary specific activity by the feed phosphorus, expressed as the ratio of the specific activities of bolus and saliva phosphorus.A dose of 100 /tCi 32 P allowed the accurate prediction of phosphorus content ranging from 0'07 to 0-25 % in various feeds, at intervals from 3 to 24 h after the infusion; the predicted and actual phosphorus concentrations were highly correlated (r = 0-95).

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Nutrient Content of the Diet as Determined by Hand Plucked and Esophageal Fistula Samples

Cited by 42 publications

References 6 publications

Effect of grazing system, stocking rate and season of use on diet quality and herbage availability of alfalfa-grass pastures

Effect of grazing system, stocking rate and season of use on diet quality and herbage availability of alfalfa-grass pastures

Enhancing pasture productivity with alfalfa: A review

Prediction of the phosphorus content of herbage consumed by grazing cattle

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