Nutrient concentration age dynamics of teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) plantations in Central America

Moya, Jesús Fernández; Murillo, Rafael; Portuguez, Edward; Fallas, J.L.; Ríos, V.R. Aguilar; Kottman, F.; Verjans, Jean Mark; Mata, Rafael; Alvarado, Alfredo

doi:10.5424/fs/2013221-03386

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Nutrient accumulation and allocation in tissues biomass were the target variables of this work, and were calculated by multiplying nutrient concentration (as reported in Tab. 2) by biomass (Fernández-Moya et al 2013). …”

Section: Field Sampling and Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient accumulation and export in teak (Tectona grandis l.f.) plantations of Central America

Fernández-Moya¹,

Murillo²,

Portuguez³

et al. 2015

iForest

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© iForest -Biogeosciences and Forestry IntroductionDue to growing needs for timber and wood products, forest plantations have increased around the world and have gained economical relevance. At the same time there has been an increase in concerns regarding the sustainability of planted forests, especially those managed under a regime of short rotations (Nambiar 1995). In particular, the relationship between forest nutrition and sustainable timber production has become an important issue for the management of less studied species in countries such as Costa Rica and China , Arias et al. 2011, Qiong et al. 2011.Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) plantations have been widely established in Central America, initially in Costa Rica and Panama (De Camino et al. 2002) (Pandey & Brown 2000, De Camino et al. 2002. In this kind of short-rotation, intensively-managed forest plantations, nutrient management is a key issue for attaining sustainability and maintaining yields for future rotations (Poels 1994, Evans & Turnbull 2004. Appropriate knowledge regarding teak nutrition is required to improve plantation management and to attain high productivity and sustainability. Nutrient accumulation increases with the stand's age, mainly due to biomass accumulation; however, nutrient uptake during early years is considered crucial to sustain the high growth rates and the rapid expansion of both crown and roots required to maintain an appropriate nutritional status throughout the entire rotation length (Miller 1981, Laclau et al. 2003. In general, foliage is the tree tissue with the highest nutrient concentration and it is considered to contain 20-40% of total stand nutrients, while tree stems are assumed to have relatively low concentrations of nutrients (Miller 1984(Miller , 1995. However, the high amount of biomass accumulated in the tree stem makes it an important sink of nutrients. As a consequence, the loss of nutrients through wood removal at harvesting is a major cause of impoverishment of forest sites (Fölster & Khanna 1997, Worrel & Hampson 1997. While N, P and Mg are mainly accumulated in the tree stem, bark and roots are considered to be Ca sinks (Nwoboshi 1984). Nutrient uptake depends mainly on the species' demand and its ability to access nutrients, as well as the potential of the site (especially the soil) to supply nutrients. In calcareous soils in India, the most absorbed nutrients by teak were Ca > K > N > Mg > P = S (Negi et al. 1995), while they were K > N > Ca >> Mg ≥ P in less fertile soils in Africa (Nwoboshi 1984) and N > Ca > K > Mg > P > Na > S > Cl in a different study site in India ).In order to understand the relationship between soil and forest nutrition, it has been long recognized that it is first necessary to evaluate the quantities of nutrients taken up by the growing forest and removed from the site during timber extraction (Rennie 1955). However, Fölster & Khanna (1997) pointed out a traditional and general lack of concern of this problem in planted forests. Soil-plant relation research in agricultu...

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Section: Field Sampling and Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient accumulation and export in teak (Tectona grandis l.f.) plantations of Central America

Fernández-Moya¹,

Murillo²,

Portuguez³

et al. 2015

iForest

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“…Foliar N concentrations found in this study were higher than the references values found in the literature for other tropical species originating from the same region Fernández-Moya et al 2013). Although N is sometimes considered the most limiting nutrient in many terrestrial ecosystems, several authors have reported that N is not a limiting factor for growth in old tropical forest-soil ecosystems (Vitousek 1984;Jordan 1985;Sánchez 1985;Hedin et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 40%

“…This fact has been reported as a common forest nutrition issue by several other authors (for a revision see Fox et al 2011). Several authors found a reduction in K stem concentrations related with age in other tree species (Gower et al 1996;Ryan et al 1997;Montero 1999;Binkley et al 2002;Fernández-Moya et al 2013); this fact is being attributed to K translocation from the stem to the leaves to keep the adequate levels that hold the hypothetical greatest K requirements in larger mature trees, especially considering the role of this element in stomatal aperture and water regulation (Fernández-Moya et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Nitrogen concentration in aboveground biomass components decreased with tree age as a result of: (a) the low amounts of N observed in the soil, which is not enough to maintain high growth or productivity rates, (b) the low uptake rates and high rates of translocation, and (c) the growth dilution effect, which can be explained in terms plant biomass and structural components that increase with age (Gower et al 1996;Ryan et al 1997;Binkley et al 2002;Yuan et al 2007;Hedin et al 2009;Fernández-Moya et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Vochysia guatemalensis Donn. Smith, an alternative species for reforestation on acid tropical soils

2016

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Vochysia guatemalensis Donn. Smith is a native species commonly used in small-scale reforestation programs in Costa Rica recognized for its fast growth under acidic and unfertile soil conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the nutrient concentration dynamics on individual trees of V. guatemalensis of increasing ages, in order to improve the understanding some aspects of its ecology as well as management of this tree species. Nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, and B) and Al concentration in stems, branches and foliage were measured using false time series (also known as chronosequences) in 13 different tree stands (2-21 years) found in the Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica. N, K and S concentrations in the stems showed a significant inverse relationship with DBH; while P, S, and Cu foliar contents increased with DBH. Average foliar concentrations of N, Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, B, and Al showed little or no variation with tree growth. Foliar Al concentration (21, 297-28, 826 mg kg -1 ) was higher than previously reported as toxic for non-Al accumulating species (\1000 mg kg -1 ), confirming V. guatemalensis as an Al hyper accumulator. Our results reinforce the possibility of using V. guatemalensis for timber production, especially to improve the income of small farmers farming on very acidic soils. The nutrient concentrations that were obtained for different tree components provide baseline information for further studies where the objective is to evaluate the nutritional status of a site.

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“…The concentration of nutrients declines as the age and the size of the teak tree increase (Tahir et al 2007). The concentration of K, Mg, and N can be related to the decrease of teak productivity because the tree gets older (Fernandez-Moya et al 2013). The need of nutrients for teak stand's productivity is fulfilled by the organic elements decomposing functioning as nutrients for teak stands.…”

Section: The Diagnosis Of Macro Nutrient Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The identification of macro nutrient status of superior teak plantation (Tectona grandis Lin.F) by means of DRIS norms (Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System) in Indonesia

Chanan

Hardiwinoto

Agus

et al. 2019

Forest Science and Technology

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The improvement in forest productivity by considering the balance of nutrient input-output is the proper choice. This research aimed at investigating the macro nutrient status of a teak plantation in Indonesia. The quantitative measurement of the nutritional status of a plantation was done by picking sample plantations and doing laboratory analysis. The determination of macronutrition status was conducted by means of Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS), that is a diagnostic method to measure the balance of nutrients before designing silvicultural treatments. Index analysis on teak has resulted in a macronutrient index (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg); respectively-8.40,-1.70,-4.17, 4.98 and 9.28. The availability levels of nutrients from the highest to the lowest were Mg > Ca > P > K > N. Mg and Ca have shown positive index values; this implies that the nutrients are sufficient. N, K, and P have shown negative index values; this implies that the nutrients are less available, and thus growth-limiting nutrients for teak. It is recommended that silvicultural treatments be conducted on teak by means of balanced nutrient inputs, to be specific N, P, and K to achieve maximum growth of teak.

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Nutrient concentration age dynamics of teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) plantations in Central America

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

Nutrient accumulation and export in teak (Tectona grandis l.f.) plantations of Central America

Nutrient accumulation and export in teak (Tectona grandis l.f.) plantations of Central America

Vochysia guatemalensis Donn. Smith, an alternative species for reforestation on acid tropical soils

The identification of macro nutrient status of superior teak plantation (Tectona grandis Lin.F) by means of DRIS norms (Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System) in Indonesia

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