Nutrient composition of four species of winged termites consumed in western Kenya

Kinyuru, John; Konyole, Silvenus; Roos, Nanna; Onyango, Christine A.; Owino, Victor; Owuor, Bethwell O.; Estambale, Benson B.; Friis, Henrik; Aagaard‐Hansen, Jens; Kenji, Glaston M.

doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2013.02.008

Cited by 107 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The high values of the macronutrients of the insect can contribute significantly to macronutrients of infant complementary foods. The value of crude protein reported in the present study falls within the range (33.51-39.74 g/100 g) observed by Kinyuru et al, (2013) for four species of termites, and similar to dried termite (35.70 g/ 100 g) reported in the NFCT (Sehmi, 1993). Crude protein value of winged termites in this study is superior to raw red meats reported by Williams, (2007) hence, may offer an affordable source of protein for complementary foods.…”

Section: Proximate Composition Of Roasted M Bellicosus Boiled Yam supporting

confidence: 90%

Assessment of Quality and Safety of Winged Termites (Macrotermes bellicosus) Enriched Locally Formulated Complementary Foods

Adepoju¹,

Kayode²

2017

JFR

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Addition of edible insects to local staples used as complementary foods can improve their nutrient content. Nutritional quality and safety of Macrotermes bellicosus enriched boiled rice (BR) and yam (BY) complementary foods (CFs) was assessed using rats. Macrotermes bellicosus (MB) were collected, dried, and refrigerated at -4 o C. Ground MB was added to BR and BY in ratios 10.0%, 15.0%, 20.0% (w/w) to give BR 1 , BY 1 ; BR 2 , BY 2 , and BR 3 , BY 3 respectively. Nutrient content of MB, BY, BR and MB-enriched CFs were determined by AOAC methods. Nutrient bioavailability and safety of BR3 and BY 3 were assessed using rats fed ad libitum for 28 days. Serum trace minerals in the CFs, control and basal diets and histopathological effects of CFs on rats' organs were determined. Data were analysed using ANOVA at p<0.05. Dried MB contained 31.8g protein, 16.4g fat, 3.8g ash, 227.5mg calcium, 2.1mg iron, 15.0mg zinc, 330.4μg retinol equivalent (RE), and 529.0kcal energy/100g sample. The BR and BY contained 3.7-5.9g protein, 70.0-120mg calcium,4.2-5.6mg iron, 1.2-1.5mg zinc and 380-386kcal/100g compared with 7.9-15.3g protein, 242.2-264mg calcium, 2.4-4.4mg iron, 15.1-19.8mg zinc and 357-372kcal/100g enriched CFs (p<0.05). Rats Serum trace minerals ranged between 3. compared with control (3.2, 22.2, 34.1, 48.2) and basal (2.2, 21.1, 24.0 mg, 32.3 μg) diets respectively (p<0.05). No pathological lesions were observed in internal organs of rats on CF diets. Adding Macrotermes bellicosus to local complementary foods is safe and improved their nutritional quality, hence its use is recommended among mothers.

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Section: Proximate Composition Of Roasted M Bellicosus Boiled Yam supporting

confidence: 90%

Assessment of Quality and Safety of Winged Termites (Macrotermes bellicosus) Enriched Locally Formulated Complementary Foods

Adepoju¹,

Kayode²

2017

JFR

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“…In C. nuchalis the n6/n3 ratio of fat deposits followed the dietary n6/n3 ratio and a similar, but smaller effect, was found for muscle tissue [Geiser and Learmonth, ]. In our samples, the n6/n3 ratio was highly variable (6.6–27.4) as was the case for the n6/n3 ratio in alates (5.8–57.7) in Kinyuru et al []. In the plant and Chortoicetes terminifera samples the PUFA content was higher and the n6/n3 ratio was considerably lower (0.2–0.7).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

The diet of free-roaming Australian Central Bearded Dragons (Pogona vitticeps)

Oonincx

Leeuwen²,

Hendriks

et al. 2015

Zoo Biology

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The central bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) is one of the most popular pet lizards. However, little is known regarding their nutrient requirement, or their natural diet. Therefore, the stomach contents of 14 free-roaming P. vitticeps were determined by flushing. These stomach contents were described taxonomically, and analyzed for crude protein content as well as fatty acid content and composition. Most of the dry matter intake was in the form of animal material (61%) stemming from nine arthropod orders. The most abundant were alates of the termite Drepanotermes sp., accounting for 95% of the total number of prey items and more than half of the total dry matter (DM) intake. Plant material contributed 16% of the total DM intake. The diets were high in crude protein (41-50% DM) and the total fatty acid content was 14-27% of the DM intake. The main fatty acid was C18:1n9c (51-56% of total fatty acids), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3 and n6) comprised 6-8% of the total fat intake. Our data suggest that P. vitticeps is an opportunistic predator, which exploits the seasonal availability of prey. Based on our data and other studies, a diet consisting of several insect species, supplemented with leafy vegetables, rich in n3 FA's, would best resemble the expected natural diet of P. vitticeps.

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“…These fish are the silver cyprinid, a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae found in Lake Victoria and locally called omena (Kenya), dagaa (Tanzania), and mukene (Uganda). Omena is a rich source of iron and zinc (Capinera et al, 2008;FAO, 2013;Kinyuru et al, 2013;Rumpold & Schlüter, 2013). The grain amaranth was germinated to reduce phytates and potentially enhance micronutrient bioavailability (Kinyuru et al, 2015), especially the bioavailability of iron and zinc.…”

Section: Intervention Foodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of locally produced complementary foods on fat‐free mass, linear growth, and iron status among Kenyan infants: A randomized controlled trial

Konyole

Omollo

Kinyuru

et al. 2019

Maternal & Child Nutrition

Self Cite

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The impact of quality complementary food products on infant growth and body composition has not been adequately investigated. This study evaluated the effect on fat‐free mass (FFM) accrual, linear growth, and iron status of locally produced complementary food products comparing to a standard product. In a randomized, double‐blind trial, 499 infants at 6 months received nine monthly rations of (a) WinFood Classic (WFC) comprising germinated amaranth (71%), maize (10.4%), small fish (3%), and edible termites (10%); (b) WinFood Lite (WFL) comprising germinated amaranth (82.5%), maize (10.2%), and multimicronutrient premix; or (c) fortified corn–soy blend plus (CSB+). Primary outcomes were changes in FFM, length, and plasma ferritin and transferrin receptors (TfR). FFM was determined using deuterium dilution. Analysis was by intention to treat, based on available cases. Compared with CSB+, there were no differences in change from 6 to 15 months in FFM for WFC 0.0 kg (95% CI [−0.30, 0.29]) and WFL 0.03 kg (95% CI [−0.25, 0.32]) and length change for WFC −0.3 cm (95% CI [−0.9, 0.4]) and WFL −0.3 cm (95% CI [−0.9, 0.3]). TfR increased in WFC group 3.3 mg L−1 (95% CI [1.7, 4.9]) and WFL group 1.7 mg L−1 (95% CI [0.1, 3.4]) compared with CSB+. Compared with the increase in Hb in CSB+ group, there was a reduction in Hb in WFC of −0.9 g dl−1 (95% CI [−1.3, −0.5]) and a lower increase in WFL −0.4 g dl−1 (95% CI [−0.8, 0.0]). In conclusion, the tested WinFoods had the same effect on FFM and length as CSB+, whereas Hb and iron status decreased, suggesting inhibited iron bioavailability from the amaranth‐based WinFoods.

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Nutrient composition of four species of winged termites consumed in western Kenya

Cited by 107 publications

References 22 publications

Assessment of Quality and Safety of Winged Termites (Macrotermes bellicosus) Enriched Locally Formulated Complementary Foods

Assessment of Quality and Safety of Winged Termites (Macrotermes bellicosus) Enriched Locally Formulated Complementary Foods

The diet of free-roaming Australian Central Bearded Dragons (Pogona vitticeps)

Effect of locally produced complementary foods on fat‐free mass, linear growth, and iron status among Kenyan infants: A randomized controlled trial

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