Nutrient Composition of Earthworms

French, C. E.; Lisclnsky, S. A.; Miller, Dan

doi:10.2307/3796557

Cited by 34 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The mean value for all seasons determined for the two annelid worms, namely, T. tubifex and G. weberi, in the present study was 18 005 and 18 465 J/g dry weight, respectively. These values fell in between the values of 19299 and 16716 J/g (4617 and 3999 Cal/g) dry weight, previously reported by French et al (1957) and Wissinget al (1973). The higher energy content during summer could be attributed to the maturation of gonads and subsequent accumulation of fat during this period.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Seasonal variation in the energy content of benthic macroinvertebrates of Lake Nainital, U.P., India

Gupta

Pant

1983

Hydrobiologia

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The paper discusses seasonal variation in the energy contents of four macrobenthic invertebrates of Lake Nainital during 1977-78. The energy values varied from 16 97 I-19 437 J/g dry weight in Tubifex.tubtfex, 16 5 1 l-20 23 I J/g dry weight in Glossiphonia weberi, 19 019-25 289 J/g dry weight in Chironomus plumosus and 19583-20549 J/g dry weight in Viviparus bengaiensis. The former two genera exhibited highest energy contents during summer, whereas the latter two revealed highest values during winter. On mean annual basis, the highest values were recorded for C. plumosus and lowest for T. tub@x. In V. bengalensis, variation occurred in ash fraction(%) and in energy values (Joule per gram dry weight) but not in energy values of organic fraction (Joule per gram ash-free dry weight), while the other three genera displayed variation in all three variables.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Seasonal variation in the energy content of benthic macroinvertebrates of Lake Nainital, U.P., India

Gupta

Pant

1983

Hydrobiologia

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“…Table 2. Protein is the main component (60-70% on a dry weight basis), 68,69) and the lipid contents are in a range similar to that observed for aquatic oligochaetes.…”

Section: Bioconcentration and Bioaccumulationmentioning

confidence: 69%

Toxicity, bioaccumulation and metabolism of pesticides in the earthworm

Katagi

Ose

2015

Journal of Pesticide Science

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The toxic effects of pesticides on earthworms, one of the most important bioindicators in the terrestrial environment, are closely related to their body burden determined by uptake, metabolism and excretion processes. Not only the passive diffusion via the outer skin from a dissolved fraction of pesticide but also the ingestion of contaminated soil and food governs the uptake process, with each contribution controlled by either the hydrophobicity of the pesticide or the soil organic matter. Although the available information is limited, earthworms are likely to metabolize pesticides via hydrolysis and oxidation (Phase I) followed by conjugation (Phase II), and low bioaccumulation is observed as a result for most pesticides. The acute toxicity in the soil exposure can be partly explained by the dissolved fraction of pesticide in pore water, but the contribution of dietary uptake and metabolism should be further studied to correctly evaluate pesticide toxicity.

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“…In Summer 1999, the caged fish were fed chopped, fresh earthworms to apparent satiation on alternate days; in Summer and Winter 2000, the fish were fed live mealworms to apparent satiation each day. Not only were the earthworm-fed fish fed only half as often as the mealworm-fed fish, but earthworms also have less than half the energy content (per unit live weight) of mealworms-about 770 cal/g for earthworms (French et al, 1957) vs. about 2000 cal/g for mealworms (L.P. Fontaine and W.H. Neill, unpublished data).…”

Section: Wchg Vs Mmso In Bluegill: Using Ecophysfish To Improve Expmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ecophys.Fish: A Simulation Model of Fish Growth in Time-Varying Environmental Regimes

Neill

Brandes

Burke

et al. 2004

Reviews in Fisheries Science

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233 234 W. H. Neill et al.Ecophys.Fish is a quantitatively explicit interpretation of concepts originally formalized by F.E.J. Fry, almost 60 years ago. Fry's "physiological classification of environment" and his concept of "metabolic scope for activity" were coupled with conventional bioenergetics to provide the model's theoretical basis. The model's inputs are initial size of fish, and time series of temperature, pH, dissolved-oxygen concentration (DO), salinity, and food availability and its energy content. Outputs are food consumption, oxygen consumption, waste production, energy content of fish biomass, and growth. Indirectly, the output is a measure of relative fitness of the fish-environment system to support fish growth.Two variants of the model represent the euryhaline red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) and the freshwater bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). Ecophys.Fish had its beginnings in laboratory experiments with juvenile red drum. These experiments enabled definition of functions and their parameterization, leading to a working model that effectively simulated growth of red drum in various pond and estuary trials with caged fish. Subsequently, Ecophys.Fish was converted to simulate growth rates of caged bluegill involved in stream ecoassays. The latter work confirmed the model's generality and the utility of automated routine respirometry for empirically estimating a key model parameter.Ecophys.Fish comprises an effective tool for resolving sources of variation in fish growth, even in natural systems with high levels of environmental variability. Moreover, the model has utility for probing biological and ecological mechanisms underlying fish growth and production. Finally, Ecophys.Fish is capable of producing rich hypotheses, e.g., 1) the optimum temperature for growth decreases whenever DO, food availability, or energy density of available food is limiting; 2) with unlimited DO and food availability, the optimum temperature for growth increases with increasing fish size but only when energy density of food is limiting; and, 3) when neither availability nor energy density of food is limiting, growth can be much faster under diel-cycling regimes of temperature and DO than under the optimum constant temperature/DO regime. Under Ecophys.Fish, environmental regimes that are best for survival are not necessarily those that are best for growth.

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Nutrient Composition of Earthworms

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Seasonal variation in the energy content of benthic macroinvertebrates of Lake Nainital, U.P., India

Seasonal variation in the energy content of benthic macroinvertebrates of Lake Nainital, U.P., India

Toxicity, bioaccumulation and metabolism of pesticides in the earthworm

Ecophys.Fish: A Simulation Model of Fish Growth in Time-Varying Environmental Regimes

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