Nutrient competition and division synchrony in phytoplankton

Doyle, Roger W.; Poore, R. V.

doi:10.1016/0022-0981(74)90001-x

Cited by 31 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This pattern agrees with that observed for H. triquetra clone 987 grown in the laboratory under a diel cycle of 14 h light (15°C) and 10 h dark period (11°C; Chang & Carpenter 1988). Nocturnal cell division is characteristic of most dinoflagellates measured in the field (Doyle & Poore 1974, Weiler & Chisholm 1976, Heller 1977, Rivkin 1986) and in the laboratory (McMurray & Hastings 1972, Nelson & Brand 1979, Wheeler et al 1983, Anita et al 1990, Partensky et al 1991. Theoretically, a diel division cycle allows maximization of light resources.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Effect of diel and interday variations in light on the cell division pattern and in situ growth rates of the bloom-forming dinoflagellate Heterocapsa triquetra

Litaker¹,

E.²,

Rhyne³

et al. 2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Heterocapsa triquetra is an important bloom-forming dinoflagellate found in estuaries and nearshore regions worldwide. In an initial time-intensive study, the shallow, tidally mixed Newport River estuary, North Carolina, USA, was sampled from a fixed point located in the middle of the estuary every 2 h for 2 wk during the development of an H. triquetra bloom. The objective of this study was to investigate how short-term, high-frequency changes in temperature, light and salinity affected diel and interday cell division patterns and in situ growth rates of H. triquetra. During this study, phytoplankton samples were preserved in buffered formaldehyde and mitotic indices determined by acridine orange staining. The diel division pattern showed a nocturnal maximum between 23:00 and 05:00 h with reduced division during the day, a pattern characteristic of most dinoflagellates. The relative proportion of binucleate cells present during the day was influenced by interday variations in total irradiance, increasing during 2 of the 3 periods when there were 3 or more consecutive high light days (> 28 E m -2 d -1). Approximately 40% of the overall variation in interday division rates could be accounted for by differences in daily irradiance. The interday light differences were largely due to well-developed atmospheric frontal systems that brought increased cloud cover to the study area at regular 3 to 4 d intervals. The initial study, however, was of insufficient length to determine if the transient day-to-day light limitation could significantly affect seasonal bloom formation. A second longer-term, spatially intensive study was therefore undertaken to assess the relative importance of the incident light levels and nutrient inputs in controlling H. triquetra bloom initiation. During the second study, the estuary was monitored for photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), salinity, temperature, inorganic nutrients and cell densities of H. triquetra at 9 locations every wk from 23 December 1997 to 27 March 1998. Maximal H. triquetra bloom formation occurred during a 2 wk period when daily incident light levels were at or near the annual low. This suggested that H. triquetra is well adapted for utilizing low light levels and that variation in in situ growth rates in response to daily changes in PAR had little effect on bloom development. Instead, bloom initiation began with inputs of nitrogen-rich water following a runoff event, indicating that nutrient inputs are much more important in controlling bloom development than is light.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Effect of diel and interday variations in light on the cell division pattern and in situ growth rates of the bloom-forming dinoflagellate Heterocapsa triquetra

Litaker¹,

E.²,

Rhyne³

et al. 2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Most in situ observations for flagellates deal with Ceratium (Elbrgchter 1973;Doyle and Poore 1974;Weiler and Chisholm 1976;Heller 1977;Weiler and Eppley 1979); there seems to be agreement that cell division occurs from late night to early morning. Patterns of cell division in other flagellates have not been as well studied (Chisholm 198 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth dynamics of Olisthodiscus luteus in outdoor tanks with flowing coastal water and in small vessels

Honjo

Tabata²

1985

Limnology & Oceanography

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Growth rates and periodicity of division of Olisthodiscus Zuteus were studied in outdoor tanks provided with a continuous flow of coastal water carrying a low density of wild plankters including 0. luteus, during summer in 198 1-1983. Cells collected from the tanks were individually cultured in small tissue culture chambers in the laboratory to observe growth rates and periodicity of division. A portion of an 0. Zuteus patch on the wall of the tank was also cultured in a l,OOO-ml volumetric flask hung in the tank. High growth rates, 2.0-5.0 div d-l, were observed in the tank. There was a strong tendency for large cells to dominate in the tank at the beginning of their fast growth phases and to be replaced by small cells toward the end of these growth phases. In small chambers 0. luteus attained a growth rate of 3.3 div d-l; growth rates of large cells inoculated into these chambers were much higher than those of small cells. Growth rate in the flask was 2.3 div d-l. Olisthodiscus Zuteus showed a great preference for dark-associated cell division. An apparent reciprocal codominance was observed between 0. luteus and diatoms in the tank.

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“…Phased division of phytoplankton in nature has often been attributed to pulses of nitrogen, and some studies suggest natural diel pulses based on species composition, competition, and capability of assimilating nitrogen (Doyle and Poore 1974). Similarly, zooxanthellae division in the anemone Aiptasia sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between pH and the availability of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in the zooxanthella-giant clam symbiosis

1995

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Giant clams of the family Tridacnidae live in symbiosis with intercellular dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium, often referred to by the trivial name "zooxanthellae." Intact clams take up both ammonium and nitrate when they are offered separately. When zooxanthellae were removed from the mantle and incubated in hemolymph, they took up ammonium, and they took up nitrate when ammonium concentrations were low enough (< 1 PM) not to inhibit uptake. The pH of hemolymph collected from the venous sinuses (immediately below the mantle tissue where most of the zooxanthellae reside) varied on a diel cycle, with highest values (-8.1) measured during the middle of the day and lowest (-7.2) detected at night. Zooxanthellae are probably responsible for the alkalization of the hemolymph since the increase in pH is coincident with maximum light levels and photosynthesis. Natural concentrations of ammonium in the hemolymph of freshly collected clams were inversely correlated with pH, with highest values detected at night when pH was lowest. Rates of diffusion of ammonia from seawater (pH 8.1) into animal compartments of lower pH were proportional to the pH differential. Diffusion of ammonia over a pH gradient, with diel variation in pH, may act to regulate availability of nitrogen to the algal symbionts in all zooxanthellae symbioses, including reef corals, thereby controlling the timing and rate of algal division.

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Nutrient competition and division synchrony in phytoplankton

Cited by 31 publications

References 12 publications

Effect of diel and interday variations in light on the cell division pattern and in situ growth rates of the bloom-forming dinoflagellate Heterocapsa triquetra

Effect of diel and interday variations in light on the cell division pattern and in situ growth rates of the bloom-forming dinoflagellate Heterocapsa triquetra

Growth dynamics of Olisthodiscus luteus in outdoor tanks with flowing coastal water and in small vessels

Relationship between pH and the availability of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in the zooxanthella-giant clam symbiosis

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