Nutrient Characteristics of Rice for Animal Feed Cultivated With Continuous Irrigation of Treated Municipal Wastewater

Watanabe, Tôru; Kurashima, Sumiko; Pham, Dong Duy; Horiguchi, Kenichi; Sasaki, Akira; Pu, Jian

doi:10.2208/jscejer.72.iii_505

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Rice crude fat is a good source of linoleic acid and other vital fatty acids, but it does not contain cholesterol [26]. The fat content in this study ranged from 2.3% to 2.7%, similar to the results of a previous study [27] but slightly lower than the value in the standard. These results show that rice fat content was not significantly influenced by TWW irrigation, irrigation direction, or fertilizer application.…”

Section: Quality Of Brown Ricesupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The presence of fiber in food increases the bulk of feces, improves bowel function, and helps prevent digestive disorders [28]. The crude fiber observed in the rice produced in the present study varied from 0.40% to 0.67%, which was slightly lower than the common values (Table 5) but comparable with that observed in the rice produced in an earlier study [27]. Table 5 indicates that the fiber content was not significantly influenced by TWW irrigation, irrigation direction, or fertilization.…”

Section: Quality Of Brown Ricesupporting

confidence: 75%

“…This is likely due to the higher temperature in the apparatus after the heading stage. Similar to a report of [27], the transparent roof that was used to avoid the effect of rainfall tended to trap the heat and increased the temperature in the apparatus zone, which was the primary reason for the reduction in NFE. NFE was not affected by the irrigation direction but was significantly decreased by TWW irrigation compared with that of tap water irrigation.…”

Section: Quality Of Brown Ricementioning

confidence: 57%

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Rice Cultivation without Synthetic Fertilizers and Performance of Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) under Continuous Irrigation with Treated Wastewater

Pham

Cai

Phung

et al. 2019

Water

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To obtain a high rice yield and quality for animal feed without synthetic fertilizers, an experiment with bench-scale apparatus was conducted by applying continuous irrigation with treated municipal wastewater (TWW). Uniform rice seedlings of a high-yield variety (Oryza sativa L., cv. Bekoaoba) were transplanted in five treatments to examine different TWW irrigation directions (“bottom-to-top” and “top-to-top” irrigation) and fertilization practices (with and without P-synthetic fertilizers) as well as one control that simulated the irrigation and fertilization management of normal paddy fields. The highest rice yield (14.1 t ha−1), shoot dry mass (12.9 t ha−1), and protein content in brown rice (14.6%) were achieved using bottom-to-top irrigation, although synthetic fertilizers were not applied. In addition, this subsurface irrigation system could contribute to environmental protection by removing 85–90% of nitrogen from TWW more effectively than the top-to-top irrigation, which showed a removal efficiency of approximately 63%. No accumulation of heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb, Cr, and As) in the paddy soils was observed after TWW irrigation for five months, and the contents of these metals in the harvested brown rice were lower than the permissible limits recommended by international standards. A microbial fuel cell system (MFC) was installed in the cultivation system using graphite-felt electrodes to test the capacity of electricity generation; however, the electricity output was much lower than that reported in normal paddy fields. Bottom-to-top irrigation with TWW can be considered a potential practice to meet both water and nutrient demand for rice cultivation in order to achieve a very high yield and nutritional quality of cultivated rice without necessitating the application of synthetic fertilizers.

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Section: Quality Of Brown Ricesupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Quality Of Brown Ricesupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Quality Of Brown Ricementioning

confidence: 57%

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Rice Cultivation without Synthetic Fertilizers and Performance of Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) under Continuous Irrigation with Treated Wastewater

Pham

Cai

Phung

et al. 2019

Water

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“…The yield of rice reached its target (8t/ha) for the cultivar used for the experiment [57], and the protein content (up to 13.1%) in the rice cultivated with irrigation of treated wastewater was significantly higher than that found in the normal paddy fields [58]. Actually, it may be possible to harvest such a protein-rich rice if a larger amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied, but it is not cost-effective and attractive to farmers.…”

Section: Progress In Our Research Toward Implementation Of This Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Municipal Wastewater Irrigation for Rice Cultivation

Pham¹,

Watanabe²

2017

Current Perspective on Irrigation and Drainage

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In scene of worrisome water shortage, municipal wastewater has been gradually accepted as an alternative water resource containing important nutrients for irrigation. Rice cultivation, which is one of the main crops feeding global population and requires plenty of water for its effective growth, has been often irrigated by municipal wastewater in many countries. While irrigation of municipal wastewater for rice cultivation must bring benefits for farmers mainly by increased yield with less amount of fertilizers, it also has potential to cause drawbacks to human health and the environment. This chapter discusses about these aspects based on scientific works and practical experiences of municipal wastewater irrigation for rice production as well as the introduction of our concept to cultivate rice for animal feeding with irrigation of treated wastewater, which can contribute to resource circulation between urban and rural areas. The feasibility study under this concept has demonstrated that the target value of rice yield can be achieved and protein-rich rice preferable for animal feed can be harvested with irrigation of properly treated municipal wastewater.

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