Nutrient availability in support of Karenia brevis blooms on the central West Florida Shelf: What keeps Karenia blooming?

Vargo, Gabriel A.; Heil, Cynthia A.; Fanning, Kent A.; Dixon, L. Kellie; Neely, Merrie Beth; Lester, Kristen M.; Ault, Danylle N.; Murasko, Susan; Havens, Julie Ann; Walsh, John J.; Bell, S. G.

doi:10.1016/j.csr.2007.04.008

Cited by 120 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Nutrient additions of nitrate and phosphate were made every evening at the concentrations shown in Table 1 to allow time for nutrient uptake before the following morning's primary productivity response measurements were conducted. Determinations of nutrient additions and ratios used in bioassay treatments were based on allochthonous and internally regenerated nutrient inputs and ratios representative of this region (Montgomery et al 1991, Tomasko et al 1996, Vargo et al 2008.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mar Ecol Prog Ser 371: [143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150][151][152][153] 2008 species include the Florida red tide dinoflagellate Karenia brevis (Steidinger et al 1998, Steidinger 2002, Vargo et al 2008 and, among the cyanobacteria, the planktonic genus Trichodesmium and the benthic genus Lyngbya. While the origin of these bloomforming taxa (i.e.…”

Section: Resale or Republication Not Permitted Without Written Consenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nutrient over-enrichment has been linked to accelerating primary production, or eutrophication, and increased algal bloom frequencies of both harmful and non-harmful phytoplankon species in many coastal regions (Paerl 1987, 1988, Nixon 1995, Boesch et al 2001, Cloern 2001, Elmgren & Larsson 2001, including those in Florida (Tomasko et al 1996, Lapointe 1997, Turner et al 2006. In Florida and other subtropical regions, increases in nutrient loading have been linked with both diatom (Turner et al 2006) and cyanobacterial (Glibert et al 2004) blooms, although blooms of planktonic dinoflagellates and benthic cyanobacteria are also common: the most notorious species include the Florida red tide dinoflagellate Karenia brevis (Steidinger et al 1998, Steidinger 2002, Vargo et al 2008 and, among the cyanobacteria, the planktonic genus Trichodesmium and the benthic genus Lyngbya. While the origin of these bloomforming taxa (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increasing amounts of anthropogenic N and P enrichment have accompanied accelerating agricultural and industrial development and urbanization in Florida's coastal watersheds, embayments and keys (Turner et al 2006, Walsh et al 2006, Heil et al 2007, Vargo et al 2008. Nutrient over-enrichment has been linked to accelerating primary production, or eutrophication, and increased algal bloom frequencies of both harmful and non-harmful phytoplankon species in many coastal regions (Paerl 1987, 1988, Nixon 1995, Boesch et al 2001, Cloern 2001, Elmgren & Larsson 2001, including those in Florida (Tomasko et al 1996, Lapointe 1997, Turner et al 2006.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Co-occurrence of dinoflagellate and cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms in southwest Florida coastal waters: dual nutrient (N and P) input controls

Paerl¹,

Joyner²,

Joyner³

et al. 2008

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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During July 2006, 2 distinctly different harmful algal blooms (HABs), one dominated by the pelagic red tide dinoflagellates Karenia spp. and the other by the benthic cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula, occurred simultaneously in the coastal embayments surrounding Sanibel and Captiva Islands, Florida, USA. The co-occurring HABs were investigated using in situ bioassays with additions of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) alone and in combination to assess nutrient controls of these 'dueling' toxin-producing species. Photosynthetic, biomass (chlorophyll a), and (in L. majuscula) nitrogen fixation responses to nutrient enrichment were examined over 4 d. Primary productivity in Karenia spp. was consistently stimulated by N additions, while P additions failed to show stimulation. When added in combination with N, P did not lead to additional stimulation above N alone. Similar patterns of chlorophyll a stimulation were observed. These patterns were observed at 2 d, after which the cells fell out of suspension. Nutrient stimulation of L. majuscula metabolic activities as well as biomass production was smaller and much slower, relative to controls, than responses observed in Karenia spp. After the demise of Karenia spp., L. majuscula was able to continue utilizing subsequent nutrient additions, and it responded most strongly to the N + P additions after 4 d. This study confirms previous estuarine and coastal studies that indicated that when non-N 2 -fixing HABs co-occur with N 2 -fixing cyanobacterial HAB species, both N and P inputs need to be carefully considered and, in all likelihood, controlled.KEY WORDS: Lyngbya · Karenia · Charlotte Harbor · Sanibel and Captiva Islands · Florida · Blooms · Nutrients Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 371: [143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150][151][152][153] 2008 species include the Florida red tide dinoflagellate Karenia brevis (Steidinger et al. 1998, Steidinger 2002, Vargo et al. 2008 and, among the cyanobacteria, the planktonic genus Trichodesmium and the benthic genus Lyngbya. While the origin of these bloomforming taxa (i.e. offshore, nearshore, estuarine) can vary substantially, there is good agreement that when these bloom species encounter nutrient-enriched conditions, growth and bloom intensity of many of these taxa may be enhanced (Paerl 1988, Lapointe 1997, Elmgren & Larsson 2001, Paerl & Fulton 2006. Accordingly, there is a great deal of concern about coastal nutrient enrichment associated with rapid rates of coastal development in Florida and elsewhere.During July 2006, 2 taxonomically and ecologically distinct harmful algal blooms (HABs), one comprised of planktonic Florida red tide dinoflagellates Karenia spp. and the other of the benthic filamentous cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula, co-occurred in the coastal embayments of Sanibel and Captiva Islands, on Florida's southwest coast (see Fig. 1). Both genera have been implicated in regional water quality, fisheries habitat, and human health probl...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resale or Republication Not Permitted Without Written Consenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Co-occurrence of dinoflagellate and cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms in southwest Florida coastal waters: dual nutrient (N and P) input controls

Paerl¹,

Joyner²,

Joyner³

et al. 2008

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…They can cover areas 10 to 1000 km 2 and may persist for months at a time (Steidinger & Joyce 1973). K. brevis is typically an oceanic species existing at background concentrations <1000 cells l −1 in offshore environments and has adapted to low nutrient, oligotrophic environments by efficiently utilizing all sources of nitrogen and phosphorous (Baden & Mende 1979, Bronk et al 2004, Vargo et al 2008.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity and nutritional inadequacy of Karenia brevis: synergistic mechanisms disrupt top-down grazer control

Waggett¹,

Hardison²,

Tester³

2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Zooplankton grazers are capable of influencing food-web dynamics by exerting topdown control over phytoplankton prey populations. Certain toxic or unpalatable algal species have evolved mechanisms to disrupt grazer control, thereby facilitating the formation of massive, monospecific blooms. The harmful algal bloom (HAB)-forming dinoflagellate Karenia brevis has been associated with lethal and sublethal effects on zooplankton that may offer both direct and indirect support of bloom formation and maintenance. Reductions in copepod grazing on K. brevis have been attributed to acute physiological incapacitation and nutritional inadequacy. To evaluate the potential toxicity or nutritional inadequacy of K. brevis, food removal and egg production experiments were conducted using the copepod Acartia tonsa and K. brevis strains CCMP 2228, Wilson, and SP-1, characterized using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) as having high, low, and no brevetoxin levels, respectively. Variable grazing rates were found in experiments involving mixtures of toxic CCMP 2228 and Wilson strains. However, in experiments with toxic CCMP 2228 and non-toxic SP-1 strains, A. tonsa grazed SP-1 at significantly higher rates than the toxic alternative. Additionally, A. tonsa experienced significantly greater mortality when exposed to toxic K. brevis strains, particularly after prolonged exposure. Egg production rates of copepods fed toxic K. brevis strains were similar to those of starved copepods, while those of copepods fed non-toxic SP-1 and the nutritious Rhodomonas salina were significantly higher. Analysis indicates that K. brevis impacts grazer populations via multiple synergistic mechanisms: (1) decreased ingestion rates, (2) decreased egg production, and (3) increased mortality of copepods through a combination of toxicity and nutritional inadequacy.

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West Florida shelf upwelling: Origins and pathways

2016

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Often described as oligotrophic, the west Florida continental shelf supports abundant fisheries, experiences blooms of the harmful alga, Karenia brevis, and exhibits subsurface chlorophyll maxima evident in shipboard and glider surveys. Renewal of inorganic nutrients by the upwelling of deeper ocean water onto the shelf may account for this, but what are the origins and pathways by which such new water may broach the shelf break and advance toward the shoreline? We address these questions via numerical model simulations of pseudo‐Lagrangian, isopycnic water parcel trajectories. Focus is on 2010, when the west Florida shelf was subjected to an anomalously protracted period of upwelling caused by Gulf of Mexico Loop Current interactions with the shelf slope. Origins and pathways are determined by integrating trajectories over successive 45 day intervals, beginning from different locations along the shelf break and at various locations and depths along the shelf slope. Waters upwelling across the shelf break are found to originate from relatively shallow depths along the shelf slope. Even for the anomalous 2010 year, much of this upwelling occurs from about 150 m and above, although waters may broach the shelf break from 300 m depth, particularly in the Florida Panhandle. Such interannual renewal of west Florida shelf waters appears to have profound effects on west Florida shelf ecology.

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Nutrient availability in support of Karenia brevis blooms on the central West Florida Shelf: What keeps Karenia blooming?

Cited by 120 publications

References 29 publications

Co-occurrence of dinoflagellate and cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms in southwest Florida coastal waters: dual nutrient (N and P) input controls

Co-occurrence of dinoflagellate and cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms in southwest Florida coastal waters: dual nutrient (N and P) input controls

Toxicity and nutritional inadequacy of Karenia brevis: synergistic mechanisms disrupt top-down grazer control

West Florida shelf upwelling: Origins and pathways

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