Nutrient and hormone composition of milk is altered in rodent dams post-bariatric surgery

Abstract

Although bariatric surgery is approved for a woman of child-bearing age with an interest in subsequent pregnancy, reports of in utero growth issues during pregnancy have garnered a closer look at the impact of maternal surgical weight loss on the pre- and postpartum periods. Offspring of dams having received vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) are born small-for-gestational age and have increased risk for metabolic syndrome later in life. Here, we aimed to determine whether the postnatal catch-up growth trajectory of bariatric offspring may be affected by milk composition. Milk samples were collected at postnatal day 15/16 from dams having received VSG surgery and fed a high-fat diet (HFD) (H-VSG), Sham surgery and fed chow (C-Sham), or Sham surgery and fed HFD (H-Sham). Milk obtained from H-VSG dams had elevated glucose (P < 0.05) and significantly reduced triglyceride content (P < 0.01). Milk from H-Sham dams had the lowest amount of milk protein (P < 0.05). Fatty acid composition measured by fractionation was largely not affected by surgery but rather maternal diet. No difference was observed in milk leptin levels; however, insulin, adiponectin, and growth hormone levels were significantly increased in milk from H-VSG animals. H-Sham had the lowest level of immunoglobulin (Ig)A, whereas IgG was significantly reduced in H-VSG. Taken together, the quality of milk from H-VSG dams suggests that milk composition could be a factor in reducing the rate of growth during the lactation period.

Ghrelin signalling is dysregulated in male but not female offspring in a rat model of maternal vertical sleeve gastrectomy

“…This may contribute overall to the reduced short‐term feeding response in the PND14 offspring of VSG. The quality of the milk of VSG dams is also substantially different from that of lean chow‐fed or obese HFD‐fed dams 45 . In particular, the hormone content varies compared to the control groups and may not provide the nutrient or hormonal cues required for optimally feeding.…”

“…The quality of the milk of VSG dams is also substantially different from that of lean chow-fed or obese HFD-fed dams. 45 In particular, the hormone content varies compared to the control groups and may not provide the nutrient or hormonal cues required for optimally feeding. These may all contribute potentially to the reduced growth observed in VSG offspring in the present study.…”

Maternal antagonism of Glp1 reverses the adverse outcomes of sleeve gastrectomy on mouse offspring

“…Unsupervised clustering of gene expression did not separate the 2 groups, and a principal component analysis has shown that surgery type did not affect gene expression (Figure 2G). In particular, there was no difference in the transcript levels of glucose and amino acid transporters, leptin receptor, and Glp1 receptor (49,50,52,53) (Supplemental Figure 2D).…”

“…Offspring of SG-operated mice remained leaner by P21 regardless of Exendin 9-39 treatment but their weight caught up after weaning. Factors such as the composition of milk or maternal microbiome following surgery may also contribute to the postnatal differences between offspring of SG-and sham-operated mice (53,62,63).…”

Altered Estrous Cyclicity and Feeding Neurocircuitry, but Not Cardiovascular Indices in Female Offspring from Dams with Previous Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy Surgery

“…The gestational outcomes in VSG pregnancies in rats have significant challenges that include poor in utero health [ 22 ] and reduced postnatal growth [ 23 ]. We have described macronutrient and hormone differences in the milk produced by dams with previous VSG surgery compared to controls [ 24 ]. Both ghrelin [ 25 ] and leptin [ 26 ] signaling are dysregulated in the offspring of dams with bariatric surgery prior to pregnancy.…”