Nutrient affinity, half-saturation constants and the cost of toxin production in dinoflagellates

Kiørboe, Thomas; Andersen, Ken Haste

doi:10.1111/ele.13208

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The failure of experiments to demonstrate costs may be due to the fact that experimental assessments have often been done under resource-replete conditions, while costs may be more significant when resources are limited [7,20,[25][26][27]. The PST molecules are high in nitrogen with N:C ratio 4.6 times higher than average phytoplankton materials [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predator-induced defence in a dinoflagellate generates benefits without direct costs

2021

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predator-induced defence in a dinoflagellate generates benefits without direct costs

2021

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“…Some authors challenge the mechanistic meaning of the affinity constant ( K ) and argue that although measurements of K provide valuable experimental information about the affinity of the bacteria to a certain substrate, it does not have a strict mechanistic interpretation (Kiørboe & Andersen, 2019). Liu (2007) showed in his review that despite the many efforts of mechanistically defining K , no consensus has been reached and no intrinsic meaning can be attributed to the affinity constant of the Monod equation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are K‐strategists yield‐strategists in disguise? An example from autotrophic nitrogen removal

Alonso

Lackner

2022

Biotech & Bioengineering

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The behavior of heterotrophic bacteria growing in systems with low or no external supply of chemical oxygen demand (COD) has become more relevant within the wastewater context. Growth strategies help to clarify how bacteria behave and adapt to different environmental conditions. In the case of substrate limited conditions, research has been mainly focused on the k‐strategy, whereas another important strategy: the yield strategy has not been explored intensely. Some authors have, however, demonstrated the implications of bacteria pursuing the yield strategy when living in structured environments and facing low‐substrate concentrations. This study uses a one‐dimensional biofilm model to study the influence of the affinity constant, the maximum growth rate, and the growth yield on the heterotrophic formation of dinitrogen gas (N2) in a completely autotrophic partial nitritation anammox system. The effect of these parameters on the composition and the diversity of the heterotrophic community is also evaluated. In a first scenario, heterotrophic bacteria are allowed to grow only on the COD produced by biomass decay. In a second step, the competition with a second group of heterotrophs using external COD as electron donor is assessed. For both evaluated scenarios, the results suggest that the yield plays a crucial role in the heterotrophic biomass and dinitrogen gas formation. Moreover, in the case of the community diversity the yield seems to be the decisive parameter. Finally, we conceptually compared the K and the yield strategy and give some insight to the possibility of both either being closely related or even being the same strategy.

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“…This may confer a competitive advantage to non-toxic R. raciborskii rather than toxic ones due to the high cost of making CYN via a multienzyme complex (Neilan et al, 2013). The toxic strains may also have higher nutrient requirements than non-toxic ones due to the relatively high content of N in the molecular structures of the prominent cyanotoxins like MC and CYN (Vézie et al, 2002;Briand et al, 2012;Kiørboe and Andersen, 2019). Therefore, in nutrient-limited (sub)tropical reservoirs, non-toxic R. raciborskii always dominated in the population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient Regulation of Relative Dominance of Cylindrospermopsin-Producing and Non-cylindrospermopsin-Producing Raphidiopsis raciborskii

Lei

Cheng

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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Raphidiopsis raciborskii (previously Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii) can produce cylindrospermopsin (CYN) which is of great concern due to its considerable toxicity to human and animals. Its CYN-producing (toxic) and non-CYN-producing (non-toxic) strains co-exist commonly in natural water bodies, while how their relative dominance is regulated has not been addressed. In this study, we combined field investigation with laboratory experiments to assessed the relationship between toxic and non-toxic R. raciborskii abundances under different nutrient levels. The rpoC1- and cyrJ-based qPCR was applied for quantifying total and toxic R. raciborskii abundances, respectively. The field survey showed that toxic R. raciborskii was detected in 97 of 115 reservoirs where its proportion ranged from 0.3% to 39.7% within the R. raciborskii population. Both total and toxic R. raciborskii abundances increased significantly with trophic level of these reservoirs, consistent with our monoculture and co-culture experiments showing in an increase in R. raciborskii growth with increasing nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) concentrations. In the monoculture experiments, growth rates of non-toxic and toxic strains from Australia or China were not significantly different under the same culture conditions. On the other hand, in the co-culture experiments, the toxic strains displayed a significantly faster growth than non-toxic strains under nutrient-replete conditions, resulting in an obvious shift toward the dominance by toxic strains from day 3 to the end of the experiments, regardless of the strain originating from Australia or China. The reverse was found under N- or P-limited conditions. Our results indicated that the toxic strains of R. raciborskii have a competitive advantage relative to the non-toxic strains in a more eutrophic world. In parallel to an increase in dominance, both toxic strains grown in the mixed population significantly increased CYN production under nutrient-replete conditions as compared to nutrient-limited conditions, suggesting that CYN may be of significance for ecological advantage of toxic R. raciborskii. These results highlight the importance of nutrient availability in regulating abundances and strain dominance of two genotypes of R. raciborskii. Our findings demonstrated that elevated nutrients would favor the growth of CYN-producing R. raciborskii and CYN production, leading to more blooms with higher toxicity at global scale.

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Nutrient affinity, half-saturation constants and the cost of toxin production in dinoflagellates

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Predator-induced defence in a dinoflagellate generates benefits without direct costs

Predator-induced defence in a dinoflagellate generates benefits without direct costs

Are K‐strategists yield‐strategists in disguise? An example from autotrophic nitrogen removal

Nutrient Regulation of Relative Dominance of Cylindrospermopsin-Producing and Non-cylindrospermopsin-Producing Raphidiopsis raciborskii

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