NutriDia Brasil: retrato dos cuidados nutricionais em um hospital de alta complexidade do Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract

ntroduction: Hospital malnutrition is considered a public health problem, whose prevalence ranges from 40% to 60% on admission, reaching figures of 80% during the course of hospitalization. In this context, the nutriDia Brasil project aims to highlight nutritional problems that hospitalized patients have, as well as resources available for the management and knowledge of health professionals in this regard. Methods: Longitudinal observational study, using data from the multiprofessional nutritional therapy team at Hospital São Vicente de Paulo, in Passo Fundo, RS, an institution participating in nutriDia Brasil, in November 2017. For the composition of the study, variables such as gender, age, diagnosis, length of hospital stay, body mass index (BMI), weight loss, identification of nutritional risk, type of nutritional therapy, acceptance of diet, consumption of food outside the hospital routine and clinical outcome after 30 days. Results: 136 patients were evaluated, with a mean age of 57 ± 3.2 years, most of whom were male (53%). The main causes of hospitalization were diseases of the musculoskeletal system (21.1%), circulatory (15.8%), digestive (13.9%) and genitourinary (10%). Regarding nutritional status, the mean BMI was 25.9 ± 4.8 kg/m² and weight loss was reported in 55% of cases, with an average reduction of 6.7 ± 2.1 kg. 39.2% of those evaluated and only 51.9% managed to ingest the entire hospital diet prescribed. Among the causes of reduced food intake, 13.2% reported symptoms such as nausea or vomiting and 9.1% loss of appetite. 71.3% received an exclusive oral diet; 17.4% used nutritional supplements in combination with hospital foods and 11.3% received artificial nutrition. Conclusion: Weight loss, inadequate food intake and the presence of nutritional deviations were the most relevant factors, suggesting the need to implement improvements that contribute to safe and quality care for the patient.

“Diga não à desnutrição”: diagnóstico e conduta nutricional de pacientes internados

“…Em relação à conduta nutricional, os resultados demonstraram que 75% dos pacientes receberam dieta VO exclusiva e apenas 17,2%, dieta VO associada à SNO. Esses dados se aproximam aos encontrados no estudo de Oliveira et al 15 , que constataram que a VO exclusiva correspondeu a 88,7% e, quando associada à SNO, esse percentual chegou a 17,4%.…”

Associação entre os tipos de dietas e o desfecho clínico de pacientes críticos desnutridos

“…Dependendo do grau da desnutrição, é possível efetuar o tratamento com mudanças na dieta e com a utilização de suplementos alimentares orais. Porém, em casos mais graves, para fornecer o suporte nutricional adequado, com base nas necessidades individuais do indivíduo, a nutrição enteral e até reposições de micronutrientes podem ser recomendadas (Oliveira et al, 2020).…”