Nutri-phenethyl Isothiocyanate Jelly Promotes Detoxification of a Tobacco-specific Oral Carcinogen in Male Active Cigarette Smokers

Abstract

Background and objectives: Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a phytochemical from cruciferous vegetables, is known to modulate detoxification enzymes. Fortification of PEITC into a complete nutrition gel, Nutri-PEITC jelly, has been shown to improve its bioavailability. This work aimed to study the effect of Nutri-PEITC jelly on active smokers' detoxification of tobacco-derived carcinogens.Methods: This pre-post trial was conducted on 30 healthy, male, regular smokers. During the pre-intervention period, they smoked regularly for three days. During the postintervention period, they smoked regularly and consumed Nutri-PEITC jelly for three days (40 mg PEITC/day). The total amounts of N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol metabolites in 24-hour urine were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry after deconjugation with β-glucuronidase and normalized to the urinary creatinine level. To ensure the consistency of smoking and the actual consumption of Nutri-PEITC jelly, the levels of urinary cotinine and PEITC were measured by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, respectively.Results: After consuming Nutri-PEITC jelly, the level of total urinary NNN metabolites (mainly glucuronide conjugates) was significantly increased by up to 4-fold (p < 0.01). In contrast, the level of total urinary 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol metabolites was not significantly altered (p = 0.325). The urinary cotinine level was similar (p = 0.8832), while the urinary PEITC level was greater than that of the pre-intervention period (p < 0.001). Conclusions:The findings suggest that intake of Nutri-PEITC jelly may increase the detoxification of NNN, a tobacco-specific oral carcinogen, likely by promoting glucuronide conjugation. Future randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm its poten

Cooking Methods for Preserving Isothiocyanates and Reducing Goitrin in Brassica Vegetables

“…Several previous studies have found that ITCs can inhibit the development of cancer in a variety of organs in animal models, including oral, prostate, breast, colon, lung, gastric, and liver [5][6][7]. Clinical trials showed that ITCs can promote detoxification and urinary excretion of tobacco-derived and grilled meat-derived carcinogens [8][9][10]. Case-control and cohort studies also found that consumption of Brassica vegetables is associated with decreased risk of several types of cancer [11][12][13].…”

The Potential Use of Phenethyl Isothiocyanate for Cancer Prevention

“…An intensive reading of the "Nutri-phenethyl Isothiocyanate Jelly Promotes Detoxification of a Tobacco-specific Oral Carcinogen in Male Active Cigarette Smokers" study, highlights that the authors constructed a PEITC fortification that generated a complete nutrition gel (Nutri-PEITC). 3 The result was that the Nutri-PEITC jelly significantly increased the level of total urinary concentration of a tobacco-specific oral carcinogen, n-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) metabolite, enhancing its detoxification by promoting glucuronide conjugation. The authors also discussed and explained that the detoxification mechanisms of Nutri-PEITC Jelly may be metabolized and ultimately eliminated through the urine of xenobiotics, on both phases I and II drug-metabolizing enzymes.…”