Nutraceuticals (VitaminC, Carotenoids, Resveratrol)

Advances in the development and application of microbial consortia for metabolic engineering

“…Co-cultivation is also more advantageous compared with two-stage fermentations. Primarily, it decreases the production cost by removing the need of a second sterilization, and decreases the production time, effort and complexity of the fermentation process without compromising the overall yield (Guleria et al., 2016). It also reduces the possibility of contamination during transfer form one bioreactor to another.…”

“…Industrial production of 2-keto-l-gulonic acid (2-KLG), a vitamin C precursor, is achieved by a two-step fermentation by three strains, Ketogulonicigenium vulgare, Gluconobacter oxydans and Bacillus spp. (Guleria et al., 2016). In this approach, G. oxydans first catalyses the conversion of D-sorbitol to L-sorbose by sorbitol dehydrogenase (SLDH).…”

“…Liquor industry widely uses different microbial consortia for making whisky, beer and wine (Benkerroum et al., 2005). Finally, a co-cultivation approach has extensively been used for the production of vitamin C (Guleria et al., 2016).…”

Optogenetic Control of Microbial Consortia Populations for Chemical Production

“…Furthermore, biosynthetic pathways can be split into submodules and be optimized based on the unique advantages of different species while avoiding endogenous regulation and competing pathways. Engineered microbial consortia have been applied to divide and optimize biosynthetic pathways within separate strains or species, leading to more efficient production of compounds such as muconic acid (by overcoming secretion of an intermediate), resveratrol (by avoiding downregulation of an intermediate pathway step), and rosmarinic acid (by suboptimization of pathway modules). − They have also been utilized in consolidated bioprocessing approaches to more efficiently break down complex feedstocks, such as lignocellulosic biomass, into biofuels such as ethanol, butanol, and isobutanol, − while avoiding the increases in production time, process complexity, and sterilization costs introduced by two-stage bioprocesses . Such studies demonstrate the benefits of combining the strengths of specialized strains or species to perform complex tasks.…”

“…13−15 They have also been utilized in consolidated bioprocessing approaches to more efficiently break down complex feedstocks, such as lignocellulosic biomass, into biofuels such as ethanol, butanol, and isobutanol, 16−18 while avoiding the increases in production time, process complexity, and sterilization costs introduced by two-stage bioprocesses. 19 Such studies demonstrate the benefits of combining the strengths of specialized strains or species to perform complex tasks. Despite this progress made in engineering microbial consortia, maintaining population stability has remained an obstacle to their more widespread use and application in commercial processes.…”