Nutraceuticals in Arthritis

Organic acids have been used successfully in pig production as a cost-effective performance-enhancing option and they continue to be the number one alternative to antibiotic growth promoters. The aim of this review is to provide the biological rationale behind organic acids use in pig production, focusing on their different effects along the gastrointestinal tract of pigs. Organic acids are reviewed for their antimicrobial properties and for their classic use as acidifiers, with particular attention to pH modulation and microflora control. Additional beneficial effects on intestinal health and general metabolism are presented and we explain the advantage of microencapsulation as a tool to deliver organic acids along the intestine.

Section: Classification Of Organic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Acidifiers to Intestinal Health Enhancers: How Organic Acids Can Improve Growth Efficiency of Pigs

Tugnoli¹,

Giovagnoni

Piva

et al. 2020

“…Indeed, several nutritional substances have been tested so far in veterinary OA studies, such as omega 3 fatty acids and green mussel glycosaminoglycans. Some of these studies have provided interesting results, although mainly at the histological and molecular level [ 17 , 18 ]. Among the most used nutritional substances, the so-called classical chondroprotectors (e.g., chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine) have obtained heterogeneous results in veterinary studies, having proved effective by some investigators [ 17 ] and without benefit against OA pain by others [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Supplementation with Palmitoyl-Glucosamine Co-Micronized with Curcumin Relieves Osteoarthritis Pain and Benefits Joint Mobility

Gugliandolo

Peritore

Impellizzeri

et al. 2020

Chronic mixed pain and orthopedic dysfunction are the most frequently associated consequences of canine osteoarthritis (OA). An unmet need remains for safe and effective therapies for OA. Palmitoyl-glucosamine (PGA) and curcumin are safe and naturally occurring compounds whose use is limited by poor bioavailability. Micronization is an established technique to increase bioavailability. The aim of this study was to investigate if the dietary supplementation with PGA co-micronized with curcumin (PGA-Cur, 2:1 ratio by mass) could limit pathologic process in two well-established rat models of inflammation and OA pain, i.e., subplantar carrageenan (CAR) and knee injection of sodium monoiodoacetate (MIA), respectively. In CAR-injected animals, a single dose of PGA-cur significantly reduced paw edema and hyperalgesia, as well as tissue damage and neutrophil infiltration. The repeated administration of PGA-Cur three times per week for 21 days, starting the third day after MIA injection resulted in a significant anti-allodynic effect. Protection against cartilage damage and recovery of locomotor function by 45% were also recorded. Finally, PGA-cur significantly counteracted MIA-induced increase in serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, NGF, as well as metalloproteases 1, 3, and 9. All the effects of PGA-Cur were superior compared to the compounds used singly. PGA-Cur emerged as a useful dietary intervention for OA.

“…At first, nutraceuticals were used more commonly and extensively in humans and non-ruminant livestock than in ruminants [ 84 ]. Nowadays, the nutraceutical industry totals more than 250 billion per year (USD), and their use in animal health and diseases is more popular than in humans due to their relatively low cost and safety [ 85 ]. Within the livestock sciences, the focus has been on employing nutraceutical materials as tools to reduce the use of antimicrobials, given the increasingly limited therapeutic options to treat sick animals [ 86 ].…”

Section: Building An Interdisciplinary Approach To Identify Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maybe a clear borderline would be to consider that a nutraceutical material is not a drug, hence it does not need to comply with all the legal procedures necessary for drug registration in any of the government instances worldwide. However, it is very plausible that the lack of regulation represents one of the main limitations for their implementation, which was widely addressed recently by Gupta et al [ 85 ], who pointed out the regulatory aspects of nutraceuticals in different continents and countries, including North America, the European Union, India, China, Australia, New Zealand, Turkey, the Philippines and South Africa. We encouraged readers to look at this comprehensive text to deepen their perspective on this subject.…”

Section: Building An Interdisciplinary Approach To Identify Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to its complexity and how wide and certainly ambiguous the classification of a resource as a nutraceutical can be, the present review will be based on two aspects: In order to build the approach under a heterogeneous feeding scenario, we will consider the definition by Hoste et al [ 35 ]: “a livestock feed which combines nutritional value with beneficial effects on animal health could be considered as nutraceutical”; The existing literature addresses several benefits of nutraceuticals [ 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 ]. In this review, we took as a basis the threat that GIN represents for small ruminants in grazing scenarios and focused on the AH properties of some LDF plant species, placing emphasis on CT, which are the most studied PSCs in relation to small ruminant nutrition and health.…”

Section: Building An Interdisciplinary Approach To Identify Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Small Ruminant Production Based on Rangelands to Optimize Animal Nutrition and Health: Building an Interdisciplinary Approach to Evaluate Nutraceutical Plants

Torres-Fajardo

González-Pech

Sandoval-Castro

et al. 2020

The plant kingdom can influence the productivity and health of herbivores at different levels. However, demonstrating this process in a scientific manner entails substantial endeavors from different disciplines. In the present review, we will describe the features of a native vegetation system traditionally used by small ruminants and use its particularities to build an interdisciplinary approach to evaluate the nutraceutical properties of plants. Initially, we will establish the context of the low deciduous forest (LDF), considering some botanical and nutritional aspects, as well as the presence of plant secondary compounds (PSC) and gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN). Furthermore, we will focus on coevolutionary aspects that undoubtedly shaped the plants–nutrients–PSC–GIN–herbivore relationship. In addition, the concept of nutraceutical will be discussed to provide clarity and aspects to be considered for their evaluation. Then, ethological, agronomical, nutritional, PSC, parasitological and animal species issues are deepened placing emphasis on methodological approaches. Special focus is given to condensed tannins, as they are the fourth largest group of PSCs and the most studied in livestock sciences. Validation of the nutraceutical properties of plants from native vegetation systems should be seen as a process derived from many scientific disciplines that feed into each other in a cyclic manner.