Nutraceuticals - a pharmaceutical viewpoint: part II

Hardy, Gil; Hardy, Ines; Ball, Patrick

doi:10.1097/00075197-200311000-00010

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Almost 30 years ago, Professors Doll and Peto, after conducting an epidemiological study for the World Health Organization, suggested that appropriate nutrition could prevent approximately 35% of cancer deaths and that up to 90% of certain cancers could be avoided by dietary enhancement [9, 10]. A recent elegant review by Chan and Giovannucci [11] provided an overview of the epidemiological evidence supporting the roles of diet, lifestyle, and medication in reducing the risk of colorectal cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis of tumor cells through modulation of inflammatory pathways by nutraceuticals

Gupta

Kim

Prasad

et al. 2010

Cancer Metastasis Rev

695

467

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Almost 25 centuries ago, Hippocrates, the father of medicine, proclaimed “Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food.” Exploring the association between diet and health continues today. For example, we now know that as many as 35% of all cancers can be prevented by dietary changes. Carcinogenesis is a multistep process involving the transformation, survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis of the tumor and may take up to 30 years. The pathways associated with this process have been linked to chronic inflammation, a major mediator of tumor progression. The human body consists of about 13 trillion cells, almost all of which are turned over within 100 days, indicating that 70,000 cells undergo apoptosis every minute. Thus, apoptosis/cell death is a normal physiological process, and it is rare that a lack of apoptosis kills the patient. Almost 90% of all deaths due to cancer are linked to metastasis of the tumor. How our diet can prevent cancer is the focus of this review. Specifically, we will discuss how nutraceuticals, such as allicin, apigenin, berberine, butein, caffeic acid, capsaicin, catechin gallate, celastrol, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, fisetin, flavopiridol, gambogic acid, genistein, plumbagin, quercetin, resveratrol, sanguinarine, silibinin, sulforaphane, taxol, γ-tocotrienol, and zerumbone, derived from spices, legumes, fruits, nuts, and vegetables, can modulate inflammatory pathways and thus affect the survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis of the tumor. Various cell signaling pathways that are modulated by these agents will also be discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis of tumor cells through modulation of inflammatory pathways by nutraceuticals

Gupta

Kim

Prasad

et al. 2010

Cancer Metastasis Rev

695

467

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Given that complete removal of the causative agents of cancer is most often not possible, effective measures for prevention of cancer is an area currently under active investigation [4]. Nutritional or chemo-prevention of cancers using various antimutagens and/or anticarcinogens present in dietary supplements, especially from food/spice plants has been repeatedly shown to offer various degrees of protection against cancers; and sometimes high efficacy has been shown [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Administration of Scallion Extract Effectively Inhibits Colorectal Tumor Growth: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in Mice

et al. 2012

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Colorectal cancer is a common malignancy and a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Diet is known to play an important role in the etiology of colon cancer and dietary chemoprevention is receiving increasing attention for prevention and/or alternative treatment of colon cancers. Allium fistulosum L., commonly known as scallion, is popularly used as a spice or vegetable worldwide, and as a traditional medicine in Asian cultures for treating a variety of diseases. In this study we evaluated the possible beneficial effects of dietary scallion on chemoprevention of colon cancer using a mouse model of colon carcinoma (CT-26 cells subcutaneously inoculated into BALB/c mice). Tumor lysates were subjected to western blotting for analysis of key inflammatory markers, ELISA for analysis of cytokines, and immunohistochemistry for analysis of inflammatory markers. Metabolite profiles of scallion extracts were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Scallion extracts, particularly hot-water extract, orally fed to mice at 50 mg (dry weight)/kg body weight resulted in significant suppression of tumor growth and enhanced the survival rate of test mice. At the molecular level, scallion extracts inhibited the key inflammatory markers COX-2 and iNOS, and suppressed the expression of various cellular markers known to be involved in tumor apoptosis (apoptosis index), proliferation (cyclin D1 and c-Myc), angiogenesis (VEGF and HIF-1α), and tumor invasion (MMP-9 and ICAM-1) when compared with vehicle control-treated mice. Our findings may warrant further investigation of the use of common scallion as a chemopreventive dietary agent to lower the risk of colon cancer.

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“…It is now believed that 90-95% of all cancers are attributed to lifestyle, with the remaining 5-10% attributed to faulty genes [7]. Almost 30 years ago epidemiological research suggested that appropriate nutrition could prevent approximately 35% of cancer deaths, and up to 90% of certain cancers could be avoided by dietary enhancement [23,24].…”

Section: Nutrition and Colon Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%