Nutraceutical Activity of Anthocyanins from the Edible Berries of Rhamnus pompana

Abstract

We present the inhibitory properties of the R. pompana anthocyanin fraction (RPAF) and its major constituents on alpha‐glucosidase (AG), pancreatic lipase (PL), HMG‐CoA reductase, and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). The effect of RPAF was also evaluated in ICR male mice subjected to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and hypercaloric/atherogenic diet for 30 days. RP‐HPLC‐MS profiling revealed that RPAF contained five major anthocyanins and induced slight inhibition on PL and HMG‐CoA reductase (IC50, 245‐338 µg mL‐1) whereas strong activity on AG and ODC (IC50, 130‐133 µg mL‐1) was observed. Kinetic studies and molecular docking with pelargonidin‐3‐O‐rutinoside (P3R) on ODC, revealed changes in Km (0.9514‐0.9746 mM) and Vmax (1.96‐2.32 µmol mg‐1min‐1) suggesting mixed inhibition and molecular interaction with two active sites of ODC. P3R showed antiproliferative activity (IC50, 46.5 µM) and decreased polyamine accumulation in DLD‐1 cells. The results of OGTT confirmed that RPAF regulates postprandial glucose levels in diabetic animals which experienced a significant glucose depletion (30 %; p < 0.001) from 30 to 120 min post‐treatment. Prolonged supplementation of RPAF caused significant decrease (p < 0.001) in plasma glucose, total cholesterol, LDL‐c and triglycerides as well as significant increase (p < 0.001) of HDL‐c compared with normoglycemic untreated animals.

Insights into the Chemistry and Functional Properties of Edible Mushrooms Cropped in the Northeastern Highlands of Puebla, Mexico

“…Little is known about the inhibitory activity of individual molecules or organic extracts from edible mushrooms in ODC. Nevertheless, our results suggest that dissolved molecules in the hydroalcoholic extracts of L. indigo have similar inhibitory potency to that observed for pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside accumulated in R. pompana berries [37]. with statistically significant differences by ANOVA-Tukey (p < 0.05) and spaces without bars indicate undetectable activity under assayed conditions.…”

“…To our knowledge, studies have demonstrated the effect of edible mushroom extracts on HMG-CoA reductase. As is known, ODC is a relatively new and promising anti-proliferative target [37]. The hydroalcoholic extracts of C. nuda, C. subclavipes, and A. jacksonii produced moderate inhibitory activity in ODC (180-250 µg mL −1 ), whereas that of L. indigo (<50 µg mL −1 ) exerted the most potent inhibition of this enzyme (Figure 8e).…”

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“…In addition, pelargonidin‐3‐O‐rutinoside showed antiproliferative activity (IC 50 , 46.5 μM) and decreased polyamine accumulation in DLD‐1 cancer cells. These results indicated that this anthocyanin could be a good candidate for further in vivo tests using models of colorectal cancer [20] …”

“…A recent study reporting the biological activity of the anthocyanin fraction from Rhamnus pompana sustained slight inhibition on PL and HMG‐CoA reductase (IC 50 , 245–338 μg mL −1 ), and strong activity on AG and ODC (IC 50 , 130–133 μg mL −1 ) [20] . From the five anthocyanins determined in the fraction, pelargonidin‐3‐O‐rutinoside showed mixed inhibition on ODC and putative molecular interactions with the two active sites of the enzyme [20] . In addition, pelargonidin‐3‐O‐rutinoside showed antiproliferative activity (IC 50 , 46.5 μM) and decreased polyamine accumulation in DLD‐1 cancer cells.…”

“…The inhibitory activity on human HMG‐CoA reductase was done considering the absorbance depletion at 340 nm, caused by the oxidation of NADPH by the catalytic subunit of the enzyme in the presence of HMG‐CoA. The inhibitory experiments on ODC were performed according to the protocol of hydrophobic withdrawal of yellow colored TNP‐putrescine‐TNP [20] . All assays were replicated twenty‐five times (n=25) for each enzyme.…”