Nutcracker syndrome: a case report

Prevalence of Ecto-Parasitic Fauna in Silver Catfish (Bagrusbajad) from Zobe Reservoir, Katsina State

“…Moreover, they play a role in shaping ecosystem productivity and food webs (Lehun et al, 2022). Therefore, investigations into the parasite communities of wild fish can provide valuable insights into how these relationships between parasites, hosts, and the environment respond to ecological factors such as host diet, environmental conditions, presence of infective stages in the ecosystem, and annual and seasonal variations (Lima et al, 2023), as well as the strategies employed by different parasite taxa in relation to these factors.In regions with temperate climates, factors like water temperature and thebehaviourof wild fish populations are known to significantly influence the dynamics of parasite infections (Schade et al, 2016;Yang et al, 2016;Lima et al, 2023). Many aquatic invertebrates in these areas can serve as potential intermediate, paratenic, or definitive hosts for fish.…”

“…Both abiotic and biotic factors in the environment can contribute to temporal and seasonal variations in the structure of parasite communities within wild fish populations. Studies have demonstrated that wild fish populations in the Amazon basin exhibit fluctuations in their parasite communities based on temporal and seasonal patterns (Lima et al, 2023). Research has indicated that both rainy and dry seasons can impact the behaviour of host fish, as well as the diversity of parasites and invertebrates in ecosystems.…”