Nursing Program Admission Barriers in the United States

Hampton, Michelle DeCoux; Dawkins, Denise; Patrick, Sheri Rickman; O’Leary-Kelley, Colleen; Onglengco, Raissa; Stobbe, Brenna

doi:10.1097/nne.0000000000001071

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…16 In addition, nursing programs' highly selective admission criteria, including the reliance on metrics such as the graduate record examination, unfairly disadvantage Black students interested in graduate education, while having a limited benefit of predicting student programmatic success. 18,32 When compared with HBCUs, predominately White institutions (PWIs) may be more resource rich but often lack specific strategies to support the academic and social development of students who are Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC). Because of the lack of faculty, staff, and student diversity in most PWIs, developing a sense of belonging can present an additional barrier.…”

Section: Partnership With Historically Black Colleges and Universitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Black students, specifically from HBCUs, may be less likely to apply to or be accepted into graduate-level nursing programs because academic and historical inequities have resulted in difficulty meeting admission requirements, limited writing and vocabulary skills, and low academic self-esteem 16. In addition, nursing programs’ highly selective admission criteria, including the reliance on metrics such as the graduate record examination, unfairly disadvantage Black students interested in graduate education, while having a limited benefit of predicting student programmatic success 18,32. When compared with HBCUs, predominately White institutions (PWIs) may be more resource rich but often lack specific strategies to support the academic and social development of students who are Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC).…”

Section: Partnership With Historically Black Colleges and Universitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Black students have historically faced many barriers to recruitment and retention in nursing, including lack of access to prelicensure and advanced educational opportunities, limited exposure to graduate school opportunities, lack of motivation to pursue the NP role due to perceived barriers to diversity in the NP workforce, lack of availability of Black faculty to provide support/ mentoring, lack of peer support, and frequent exposure to microaggressions. 8,[14][15][16][17][18] Because NP programs play a significant role in narrowing the diversity gap to address health care disparities, interested Black nursing students benefit from efforts to eliminate barriers. One effort to support Black nursing students and nursing professionals includes immersion opportunities that encourage and support their decision to become an NP, especially in underserved communities.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Increasing Diversity in the Advanced Practice Nursing Workforce Through Partnerships With Historically Black Colleges

et al. 2023

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Disparities in the incidence of disease and access to high-quality health care disproportionately affect socially and economically disadvantaged communities. The COVID-19 pandemic reduced an already strained primary care provider-physician workforce. 1 Fortunately, it is forecasted that by 2030, the nurse practitioner (NP) workforce is expected to grow by 6.8% (6 times the expected growth of the physician workforce [1.1%]). 2 This is important because NPs often enter practice as primary care providers and serve in ethnically diverse communities. This places NPs in critical positions that enable them to address health disparities within those communities. 3,4 Among vulnerable populations, well-being, morbidity, and mortality are negatively influenced by multiple factors including racism, bias, care restrictions, and medical distrust. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention declared racism a public health threat that adversely influences social drivers of health (housing, education, employment) and creates barriers to health equity. 5 As a historically underserved and exploited population, many Black Americans are deeply distrustful of White providers and the health care system based on a long history of inferior care, being refused care, unethical medical research, and abuse by clinicians (eg, forced sterilization). 6,7 Therefore, Black patients' skepticism of the health care system is logical and understandable. As system-level changes to address health equity are developed and implemented, increased workforce diversity may contribute to improvements in care. Black patients have reported that they (a) have greater confidence in providers who share their racial and ethnic background and (b) are more engaged in and satisfied with care delivered by Black and other providers of color. [8][9][10] The demographics of the current NP workforce do not reflect ethnic diversity in America. Black NPs account for only 7% of the NP workforce, whereas Black Americans

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Section: Partnership With Historically Black Colleges and Universitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%