Nursing From an Ethanol‐Intoxicated Dam Induces Short‐ and Long‐Term Disruptions in Motor Performance and Enhances Later Self‐Administration of the Drug

Ponce, Luciano Federico; Pautassi, Ricardo Marcos; Spear, Norman E.; Molina, Juan Carlos

doi:10.1097/01.alc.0000131298.32045.96

Cited by 34 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…In rats, EtOH oral consumption markedly decreases as concentration of the drug reaches approximately 6% (Kiefer et al, 1987;Ponce et al, 2004). Kiefer et al (2005) observed substantial aversive orofacial reactions in adult rats intraorally stimulated with ethanol (10 % v/v).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Infant rats exhibit aversive learning mediated by ethanol's orosensory effects but are positively reinforced by ethanol's post-ingestive effects

Pautassi

Molina

Spear

2008

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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Previous work suggests aversive and appetitive hedonic effects of intraorally delivered EtOH in preweanling rats. Pups are reluctant to perform an operant response when reinforced with intraoral EtOH infusions, a result suggesting aversive orosensory properties of EtOH. Yet, postabsorptive effects of ethanol seem capable of supporting appetitive conditioning. Two experiments were conducted to test this phenomenon. Both included a pre-exposure phase (postnatal day 13, PD13) comprising intraoral stimulation with water or EtOH. In Experiment 1, pups were given pairings between a tactile conditioned stimulus (CS) and intraoral infusions of EtOH or water. A subsequent tactile preference test revealed that pups spent significantly less on the EtOH-related CS relative to time spent on the alternative CS. In Experiment 2 pups were exposed to a texture CS (sandpaper) while intraorally infused with EtOH or during a later EtOH postinfusion interval. A tactile locational test conducted on PD16 indicated that EtOH-preexposed animals that experienced sandpaper paired with EtOH's postabsorptive effects exhibited a significant preference for the CS, even relative to a control group that experienced non-reinforced exposure to the tactile CS during conditioning. These results confirm that intraoral ethanol acts as an aversive tastant. A brief pre-exposure to EtOH allows later expression of appetitive learning mediated by the drug's postingestive effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Infant rats exhibit aversive learning mediated by ethanol's orosensory effects but are positively reinforced by ethanol's post-ingestive effects

Pautassi

Molina

Spear

2008

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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“…Another aim was to conduct all intake tests during the adolescent stage of development. Phases 1 and 4 of the protocol were designed on the basis of previous two-bottle choice studies conducted in our laboratory (Pepino et al, 2004; Ponce et al, 2004, 2008) which had proven useful to detect early ethanol exposure effects.…”

Section: General Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High ethanol dose during early adolescence induces locomotor activation and increases subsequent ethanol intake during late adolescence

Acevedo

Molina

Nizhnikov

et al. 2010

Developmental Psychobiology

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Adolescent initiation of ethanol consumption is associated with subsequent heightened probability of ethanol-use disorders. The present study examined the relationship between motivational sensitivity to ethanol initiation in adolescent rats and later ethanol intake. Experiment 1 determined that ethanol induces locomotor activation shortly after administration but not if tested at a later post-administration interval. In Experiment 2, adolescents were assessed for ethanol-induced locomotor activation on postnatal day 28. These animals were then evaluated for ethanol-mediated conditioned taste aversion and underwent a 16-day-long ethanol intake protocol. Ethanol-mediated aversive effects were unrelated to ethanol locomotor stimulation or subsequent ethanol consumption patterns. Ethanol intake during late adolescence was greatest in animals initiated to ethanol earliest at postnatal day 28. Females that were more sensitive to ethanol’s locomotor-activating effects showed a transient increase in ethanol self-administration. Blood ethanol concentrations during initiation were not related to ethanol-induced locomotor activation. Adolescent rats appeared sensitive to the locomotor-stimulatory effects of ethanol. Even brief ethanol exposure during adolescence may promote later ethanol intake.

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“…For each animal, ethanol-intake score was calculated in terms of grams of absolute ethanol consumed per kilogram of body weight. Molina and Spear (e.g., Pepino, Abate, Spear, & Molina, 2004;Ponce, Pautassi, Spear, & Molina, 2004), voluntary ethanol-drinking sessions were conducted in standard microisolator cages equipped with two graduated drinking tubes (volume: 30 ml with 0.1 ml graduation) mounted on one wall of the cage. Each voluntary intake session was preceded by 22 hr of water deprivation, and each intake session lasted for 2 hr.…”

Section: Ethanol Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of gestational ethanol exposure on voluntary ethanol intake in early postnatal and adult rats.

Youngentob¹,

Molina²,

Spear³

et al. 2007

Behavioral Neuroscience

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Clinical and epidemiological studies provide strong data for a relationship between prenatal ethanol exposure and the risk for abuse in adolescent and young adult humans. However, drugacceptance results in response to fetal exposure have differed by study, age at evaluation, and experimental animal. In the present study, the authors tested whether voluntary ethanol intake was enhanced in both the infantile and adult rat (15 and 90 days of age, respectively), as a consequence of chronic fetal drug experience. Experimental rats were exposed in utero by administering ethanol to a pregnant dam in a liquid diet during gestational Days 6-20. Compared with those for isocaloric pair-fed and ad lib chow control animals, the results for experimental animals demonstrated that fetal exposure significantly increased infantile affinity for ethanol ingestion without affecting intake patterns of an alternative fluid (water). Heightened affinity for ethanol was absent in adulthood. Moreover, the results argue against malnutrition as a principal factor underlying the infantile phenomenon. These data add to a growing literature indicative of heightened early postnatal acceptance patterns resulting from maternal use or abuse of ethanol during pregnancy. Keywordsfetal ethanol exposure; postnatal ethanol affinity; ethanol abuse; ethanol drinking behavior; fetal learning It has been well established that prenatal exposure to ethanol can exert profound detrimental effects in the developing fetus. The effects can be widespread, severe, and generally permanent. Depending on timing of exposure, and its duration and dose, these include stereotypical craniofacial malformations, poor suckling reflexes, decreased birth weight NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript (Abel & Hannigan, 1995;Astley, Clarren, Little, Sampson, & Daling, 1992;Clareen & Smith, 1978;Jones, Smith, Ulleland, & Streissguth, 1973; Lemoine, Harousseau, Borteyru, & Meneut, 1968;Martin, Martin, Streissguth, & Lund, 1977;Osborn, Harris, & Weinberg, 1993;Oulette, Rosett, Rosman, & Weiner, 1977;Streissguth, Landesman-Dwyer, Martin, & Smith, 1980;Ulleland, Wennburg, Igo, & Smith, 1970;Van Dyke, MacKay, & Ziaylek, 1982), and other profound neurodevelopmental effects in the nervous system Miller, 1992b). Prenatal exposure to ethanol can cause behavioral changes, such as hyperactivity, and learning and memory deficits: Indeed, gestational exposure is a leading known cause of mental retardation (Abel & Hannigan, 1995;Abel & Sokol, 1992;Sampson et al., 1997;Stratton, Howe, & Battaglia, 1996).The above notwithstanding, there are subtler yet potentially just as detrimental long-term consequences. Recent clinical and epidemiological studies indicate that prenatal exposure to ethanol is strongly associated with the risk for ethanol abuse in adolescent and young adult humans (Alati et al., 2006;Baer, Bar, Bookstein, Sampson, & Streissguth, 1998;Streissguth, 1998;Yates, Cadoret, Troughton, Steward, & Giunta, 1998). In effect, gestational exposure...

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Nursing From an Ethanol‐Intoxicated Dam Induces Short‐ and Long‐Term Disruptions in Motor Performance and Enhances Later Self‐Administration of the Drug

Abstract: Early experiences with alcohol comprising interactions with an alcohol-intoxicated dam result in motor impairment and enhanced ethanol intake later in life.

Cited by 34 publications

References 75 publications

Infant rats exhibit aversive learning mediated by ethanol's orosensory effects but are positively reinforced by ethanol's post-ingestive effects

Infant rats exhibit aversive learning mediated by ethanol's orosensory effects but are positively reinforced by ethanol's post-ingestive effects

High ethanol dose during early adolescence induces locomotor activation and increases subsequent ethanol intake during late adolescence

The effect of gestational ethanol exposure on voluntary ethanol intake in early postnatal and adult rats.

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