Nursing Care Aesthetic in Iran: A Phenomenological Study

Abstract

Background:Despite the emphasis of contemporary nursing theories on the belief that nursing is a science and an art in care, published studies show that only the nursing science has developed. Many experts believe that by recognizing and perceiving this concept, the clinical field can develop aesthetic knowledge in nursing and education of students.Objectives:The purpose of this study was to explain clients and nurses perspective of nursing care aesthetics.Patients and Methods:Using an interpretive phenomenology, 12 clients and 14 nurses were interviewed. Participants in this study were purposefully selected and their experiences were analyzed using Van Manen’s hermeneutic phenomenological framework.Results:Emerged themes were as follows: subjective description, overt spirituality, opening desperate impasse, sense of unity, continue to shine, and painful pass and pleasing. According the participants experiences, nursing care aesthetics includes subjective description of spiritual and desirable caring behaviors combined with sense of unity and sympathy between the nurse and the patients, which leads to opening in desperate impasse with creating the feeling of satisfaction and peace in the patient. It is a shining of clinical capabilities and an action beyond what should be combined with a decorating care that leads to a pleasant ending against the pain and suffering of the others for the nurse.Conclusions:Many caring behaviors associate with aesthetic experience for both patients and nurses and despite two different views, findings of this study showed that these experiences were similar in most cases. The aesthetics of nursing care was defined as what reflects the holistic nature of nursing with an emphasis on spirituality and skill. Results of this study are effective in identification of the values existed in nurse caring behaviors and developing of profession by instruction, implementation, and evaluation them.

Aesthetic Expression dalam Praktik Keperawatan

“…(Kim, 1993dikutip dalam Rustam, 2017. Selain itu, estetika dalam asuhan keperawatan merupakan suatu kombinasi fakta ilmiah dengan imajinasi kreatif dan sekaligus menggabungkan semua pengetahuan keperawatan (Redmehr, Ashktorab, & Abedsaeedi, 2015).…”

“Estableciendo vínculos dialógicos que alivian”: una mirada desde el patrón estético

“…La estética del cuidado de enfermería incluye una descripción subjetiva de comportamientos de cuidado espirituales y deseables combinados con sentido de unidad y simpatía entre la enfermera y los pacientes, lo que lleva a la apertura con la sensación de satisfacción y paz en el paciente 23 .…”

“…La habilidad de una enfermera para satisfacer las necesidades en entornos clínicos conduciría a la gratitud de los pacientes, presentada como palabras o cartas de agradecimiento. Además, describen el tema "Sentido de la unidad" que incluye una comunicación efectiva, respeto, empatía, simpatía, sentimiento de cercanía y presencia constante, los cuales se destacan regularmente en la educación de enfermería 23 . La empatía, la sensibilidad y la creatividad en el cuidado del paciente también son componentes críticos de conocimiento estético 23 .…”

Reorienting Esthetic Knowing as an Appropriate “Object” of Scientific Inquiry to Advance Understanding of a Critical Pattern of Nursing Knowledge in Practice

“…A recent search in PubMed for research articles on "esthetic/aesthetic knowing/knowledge" OR "art of nursing" returned only 32 articles published in the last 5 years, only 4 of which were empirical research studies, mostly focused on nurses' and patients' narratives of esthetic knowing. [45][46][47][48] Interestingly, all studies were conducted outside the United States. A similar CINAHL search produced 78 articles in the last 5 years, again only 2 of which were unique empirical research studies published in English.…”