Nurse practitioners: An insight into their integration into Australian community pharmacies

McMillan, Sara Sinclair; Emmerton, Lynne

doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2012.09.001

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…PPNPs work predominantly in community and primary care settings, such as community mental health roles (Raeburn, Hungerford, Sayers, Escott, Lopez & Cleary, 2015), in general practice surgeries (Helms, Crookes, & Bailey, 2015), and are integrated within pharmacies in a primary healthcare and health-promotion role (McMillan & Emmerton, 2013). The main focus of Australian-based PPNP services is the provision of chronic and complex care (Currie et al, 2016a).…”

Section: It Was Identified By the National Health And Hospital Reformmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NPs practice in a private capacity in all states of Australia and the Australian Capital Territory, the only jurisdictional exception being the Northern Territory (Currie, Chiarella, & Buckley, ). PPNPs work predominantly in community and primary care settings, such as community mental health roles (Raeburn, Hungerford, Sayers, Escott, Lopez & Cleary, ), in general practice surgeries (Helms, Crookes, & Bailey, ), and are integrated within pharmacies in a primary healthcare and health‐promotion role (McMillan & Emmerton, ). The main focus of Australian‐based PPNP services is the provision of chronic and complex care (Currie et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Practice activities of privately‐practicing nurse practitioners: Results from an Australian survey

Currie

Chiarella

Buckley

2017

Nursing & Health Sciences

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To facilitate expansion of privately-practicing nurse practitioners in community and primary care settings, a legislative amendment in 2010 made privately-practicing nurse practitioners eligible to provide services subsidised through the Medicare Benefits Schedule and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. To evaluate their practice activities, a national survey of privately-practicing nurse practitioners in Australia was conducted, and data analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis (n = 73). As part of their role, 96% (n = 70) participants reported undertaking direct patient care, 95% (n = 69) patient education and health promotion, 95% (n = 69) prescribed medications, 92% (n = 67) referred patients for diagnostic investigations, and 88% (n = 64) reported making a diagnosis. Over 50% of participants saw up to 15 patients daily, and 80% (n = 58) treated the same patients on a regular basis. Of the participants, 59% (n = 43) perceived that they worked to their full scope of practice. The mainstay of privately-practicing nurse practitioner services is provision of direct patient care in community and primary healthcare settings, suggesting they have emerging potential in addressing the ever-increasing demand for healthcare in Australia.

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Section: It Was Identified By the National Health And Hospital Reformmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practice activities of privately‐practicing nurse practitioners: Results from an Australian survey

Currie

Chiarella

Buckley

2017

Nursing & Health Sciences

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“…Since the introduction of the MBS subsidies for NPs, a number of PPNP services have been initiated in Australia (Currie et al, 2013). Examples include: NPs integrating with pharmacies in a primary health care and health promotion role (McMillan & Emmerton, 2013); community mental health roles (Cashin, 2007;Raeburn et al, 2015); and NPs working in GP surgeries (Helms, Crookes & Bailey, 2015). These private practice roles have an emphasis on primary health care.Existing literature highlights issues impacting upon the sustainability of PPNPs, including limited access to MBS items (Elmer &Stirling, 2013); the level of NP reimbursement (Helms et al, 2015;Currie et al, 2013); and the complexity of the requirements for collaborative arrangements (Harvey, 2011).…”

Section: What Is Known Of Ppnp Services In Australiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparing a Realist Evaluation to Investigate the Impact of Privately Practising Nurse Practitioners on Patient Access to Care in Australia

Currie¹,

Chiarella²,

Buckley³

2015

IJN

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Background: Evaluation of privately practising nurse practitioner (PPNP) services in Australia is an important issue, because the sustainability of viable health services requires that they are underpinned by sound research. As part of ongoing work in relation to the evaluation of PPNP services, the authors plan to use realist evaluation (RE) to explore, not only whether PPNP services increase patient's access to care, but also the means by which they achieve (or do not achieve) this outcome. RE is a complex methodology and its application requires careful preparation. Objective: To present the application of the RE methodology to an evaluation of PPNP services of health care in Australia. Method: This paper explores the philosophical underpinnings of RE and articulates the steps taken in preparing to apply RE to an evaluation of PPNP services in Australia. Discussion: RE is a complex methodology to understand and apply. There is an absence of documented detail in terms of how to apply RE to ensure that the evaluation is truly 'realist'. Yet making the choice to apply RE to evaluations of PPNP services in Australia and overseas holds many advantages, primarily because of RE's emphasis upon the context in which health care is delivered and how and why the context relates to the outcomes produced. This paper will contribute to the emerging dialogue on how to apply RE to evaluations of health care and will assist those considering using RE.

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“…4 Since their admission to the MBS and PBS (Health Legislative Amendment (Midwives and Nurse Practitioners) Act 2010 (Cth)) several PPNP services have been established in Australia. Examples, predominantly in the primary healthcare setting, include NPs integrating with community-based pharmacy providers, 5 community mental health 6 and general practice settings. 7 Existing literature highlights several issues impacting on the sustainability of PPNPs, including limited access to the necessary range of MBS items, [7][8][9] the level of reimbursement allocated to NP MBS items compared with those available to medical practitioners for what amounts to the same service 4,7 and the complexity of mandated collaborative arrangements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Privately practising nurse practitioners' provision of care subsidised through the Medicare Benefits Schedule and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme in Australia: results from a national survey

Currie¹,

Chiarella²,

Buckley³

2019

Aust. Health Review

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Since legislative changes in 2010, certain health care services provided by privately practising nurse practitioners (PPNPs) in Australia have been eligible for reimbursement under the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS). The aim of the present study was to describe survey results relating to the care provided by PPNPs subsidised through the MBS and PBS. PPNPs in Australia were invited to complete an electronic survey exploring their practice activities. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for percentages where relevant. Free text data were analysed using thematic analysis. Seventy-three PPNPs completed the survey. The most common form of payment reported (34%; n=25) was payment by direct fee for service (MBS rebate only, also known as bulk billing). Seventy-five per cent of participants (n=55) identified that there were aspects of care delivery not adequately described and compensated by the current nurse practitioner (NP) MBS item numbers. 87.7% (n=64) reported having a PBS prescriber authorisation number. Themes identified within the free text data that related to the constraints of the MBS and PBS included 'duplication of services' and 'level of reimbursement'. The findings of the present study suggest that PPNPs are providing subsidised care through the MBS and PBS. The PPNPs in the present study reported challenges with the current structure and breadth of the NP MBS and PBS items, which restrict them from providing complete episodes of patient care. Since the introduction of legislative changes in 2010, services provided by PPNPs in Australia have been eligible for subsidisation through the MBS and PBS. This paper provides data on PPNPs' provision of care subsidised through the MBS and PBS. Eligibility to provide care subsidised through the MBS and PBS has enabled the establishment of PPNP services. The current breadth and structure of the NP MBS and PBS item numbers have restricted the capacity of PPNPs to provide complete episodes of patient care.

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Nurse practitioners: An insight into their integration into Australian community pharmacies

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

Practice activities of privately‐practicing nurse practitioners: Results from an Australian survey

Practice activities of privately‐practicing nurse practitioners: Results from an Australian survey

Preparing a Realist Evaluation to Investigate the Impact of Privately Practising Nurse Practitioners on Patient Access to Care in Australia

Privately practising nurse practitioners' provision of care subsidised through the Medicare Benefits Schedule and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme in Australia: results from a national survey

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