Numerico-Empirical Analyses of Atmospheric Diffusion Theories

Lamb, Robert G.; Chen, Wen H.; Seinfeld, John H.

doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1975)032<1794:neaoad>2.0.co;2

Cited by 41 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…The adjoint method is known to be an efficient means of calculating model sensitivities that afford examination of numerous parameters, where these values can subsequently be used in tandem with an observational data set for data assimilation. First appearing in the field of atmospheric science in the early 1970s (Marchuk, 1974;Lamb et al, 1975), the method later came to be applied extensively in meteorology, e.g., Talagrand and Courtier (1987); Errico and Vukicevic (1992). In the last decade, the adjoint approach has expanded to include ever more detailed CTMs, beginning with the abbreviated Lagrangian stratospheric model of Fisher and Lary (1995) and the Lagrangian tropospheric model of Elbern et al (1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the adjoint of GEOS-Chem

2007

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Abstract. We present the adjoint of the global chemical transport model GEOS-Chem, focusing on the chemical and thermodynamic relationships between sulfate -ammonium -nitrate aerosols and their gas-phase precursors. The adjoint model is constructed from a combination of manually and automatically derived discrete adjoint algorithms and numerical solutions to continuous adjoint equations. Explicit inclusion of the processes that govern secondary formation of inorganic aerosol is shown to afford efficient calculation of model sensitivities such as the dependence of sulfate and nitrate aerosol concentrations on emissions of SO x , NO x , and NH 3 . The accuracy of the adjoint model is extensively verified by comparing adjoint to finite difference sensitivities, which are shown to agree within acceptable tolerances. We explore the robustness of these results, noting how discontinuities in the advection routine hinder, but do not entirely preclude, the use of such comparisons for validation of the adjoint model. The potential for inverse modeling using the adjoint of GEOS-Chem is assessed in a data assimilation framework using simulated observations, demonstrating the feasibility of exploiting gas-and aerosol-phase measurements for optimizing emission inventories of aerosol precursors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the adjoint of GEOS-Chem

2007

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“…Meteorologists have exploited adjoints for optimization of initial conditions and other parameters for decades (Sasaki, 1958;Marchuk, 1974;Lamb et al, 1975;Talagrand, 1981;Talagrand and Courtier, 1987). CTM adjoints have been used to explore relationships of concentrations of gaseous species and emissions (Menut et al, 2000;Vukićević and Hess, 2000;Sandu et al, 2005a;Hakami et al, 2006; and to refine estimates of trace gases in the atmosphere (Fisher and Lary, 1995;Kaminski et al, 1999;Elbern et al, 2000;Müller and Stavrakou, 2005;Zhang et al, 2008;Kopacz et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ANISORROPIA: the adjoint of the aerosol thermodynamic model ISORROPIA

et al. 2012

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Abstract. We present the development of ANISORROPIA, the discrete adjoint of the ISORROPIA thermodynamic equilibrium model that treats the Na + -SO 2− -HSOsystem, and we demonstrate its sensitivity analysis capabilities. ANISORROPIA calculates sensitivities of an inorganic species in aerosol or gas phase with respect to the total concentrations of each species present with less than a two-fold increase in computational time over the concentration calculations. Due to the highly nonlinear and discontinuous solution surface of ISORROPIA, evaluation of the adjoint required a new, complex-variable version of the model, which determines first-order sensitivities with machine precision and avoids cancellation errors arising from finite difference calculations. The adjoint is verified over an atmospherically relevant range of concentrations, temperature, and relative humidity. We apply ANISORROPIA to recent field campaign results from Atlanta, GA, USA, and Mexico City, Mexico, to characterize the inorganic aerosol sensitivities of these distinct urban air masses. The variability in the relationship between fine mode inorganic aerosol mass and precursor concentrations shown has important implications for air quality and climate.

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“…Note that if V~is approximately 8u*, as has been predicted during neutral conditions by the turbulence transport models of Wyngaard (1973) and Deardorff (1970), then .both (1la) and (1lb) are very similar. Lamb et al (1974) calculated the eddy diffusivity of virtual particles by employing a sub-grid turbulence model. They also found that the optimal eddy diffusivity under neutral conditions is very close to that described by Equation (11 a).…”

Section: Problems With K-theory Over Homogeneous Terrainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eddy exchange coefficients in numerical models of the planetary boundary layer

Shir

Bornstein

1977

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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Abstract. Specification of the eddy exchange coefficients is perhaps one of the most difficult problems in the numerical modeling of the planetary boundary layer. These coefficients have been computc::d from finite-difference analogs 10 analytical expressions associated with surface boundary-layer similarity theory, which is based on observations in an equilibrium surface layer. This procedure leads to erroneous results in the region above the surface layer and in a non-equilibrium surface layer. In addition, differencing problems arise in regions of small vertical wind shear. A new turbulence transport model has been obtained through the closure procedures for the transport equations of the Reynolds s.tress and the turbulent length scale. The new approach could be used to calculate Reynolds stresses and eddy exchange coefficients throughout a non-neutral planetary boundary layer under non-equilibrium conditions.

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Numerico-Empirical Analyses of Atmospheric Diffusion Theories

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

Development of the adjoint of GEOS-Chem

Development of the adjoint of GEOS-Chem

ANISORROPIA: the adjoint of the aerosol thermodynamic model ISORROPIA

Eddy exchange coefficients in numerical models of the planetary boundary layer

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