Numerical study on the evaporation process of feedstock powder under transient states in pulse-modulated induction thermal plasmas for nanoparticle synthesis

Onda, Kazuki; Tanaka, Yasunori; Akashi, Keita; Furukawa, R.; Nakano, Yusuke; Ishijima, Tatsuo; Uesugi, Yoshihiko; Sueyasu, Shiori; Watanabe, Shuichi; Nakamura, Keitaro

doi:10.1088/1361-6463/ab8419

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The thermophysical properties of silicon powders, reported in [ 52 , 53 ], are used in the implementation of the model, and are illustrated in Table 2 .…”

Section: Modeling Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Advanced Silicon Nanomaterial Synthesis Approach: From Reactive Thermal Plasma Jet to Nanosized Particles

et al. 2022

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A three-dimensional numerical modelling of a time-dependent, turbulent thermal plasma jet was developed to synthetize silicon nanopowder. Computational fluid dynamics and particle models were employed via COMSOL Multiphysics® v. 5.4 (COMSOL AB, Stockholm, Sweden) to simulate fluid and particle motion in the plasma jet, as well as the heat dependency. Plasma flow and particle interactions were exemplified in terms of momentum, energy, and turbulence flow. The transport of nanoparticles through convection, diffusion, and thermophoresis were also considered. The trajectories and heat transfer of both plasma jet fields, and particles are represented. The swirling flow controls the plasma jet and highly affects the dispersion of the nanoparticles. We demonstrate a decrease in both particles’ velocity and temperature distribution at a higher carrier gas injection velocity. The increase in the particle size and number affects the momentum transfer, turbulence modulation, and energy of particles, and also reduces plasma jet parameters. On the other hand, the upstream flame significantly impacts the particle’s behavior under velocity and heat transfer variation. Our findings open the door for examining thermal plasma impact in nanoparticle synthesis, where it plays a major role in optimizing the growth parameters, ensuring high quality with a low-cost technique.

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“…The thermophysical properties of silicon powders, reported in [ 52 , 53 ], are used in the implementation of the model, and are illustrated in Table 2 .…”

Section: Modeling Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Advanced Silicon Nanomaterial Synthesis Approach: From Reactive Thermal Plasma Jet to Nanosized Particles

et al. 2022

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“…ICPs can also be used for materials processing as either a heat source, or as a source of chemically active species. Specific applications include the deposition of thin metal or ceramic films, the formation of metal-matrix composites, and spheroidization and synthesis of nanopowders [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. With an appropriate exit nozzle, ICPs can produce a high-enthalpy plume that can be used for the development and testing of thermal protection materials, and to simulate the re-entry of hypersonic or space vehicles [27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric study of a vortex-enhanced supersonic inductive plasma torch

Pascale,

Lafleur,

Corr

2024

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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The feed gas injection configuration in Radio-Frequency (RF) Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) torches plays a critical role in discharge stability, gas heating, and device thermal management: particularly if a supersonic nozzle is used to subsequently accelerate the hot gas. A novel injection configuration is the bidirectional vortex, which segments the internal ICP flow field into two counter-propagating vortices that can significantly enhance gas heating and reduce heat losses. The diameter of the interface between the vortices (known as the mantle) is expected to be an important dimensional parameter affecting torch operation, especially relative to the nozzle size. In this work, we investigate the effect of nozzle throat diameter on the behaviour and performance of a vortex-enhanced supersonic ICP torch. The system is operated at RF powers and argon mass flow rates between 200-1000 W and 0-400 mg/s respectively, and different nozzle diameters ranging from 1.5 to 4 mm are explored. Because of the high-temperature environment, and to prevent disruption of the vortex flow fields, non-invasive diagnostics are used to measure the gas temperature and plasma density, and to infer the torch thermal efficiency and achievable gas specific enthalpy change. The maximum temperature is between 8500-9500 K with the 1.5 mm nozzle giving the highest temperature for a given power and mass flow rate. Plasma densities vary between 10^20-10^21 m^-3 depending on the operating conditions, with the 1.5 mm nozzle again giving the highest density. By contrast, the thermal efficiency increases from 29% for the 1.5 mm nozzle to just above 70% for the 4 mm nozzle with a similar maximum specific enthalpy of around 1.5 MJ/kg. These results demonstrate the important coupling between torch properties, and how system optimization can lead to tailored performance of potential interest to several ground and space-based applications.

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“…The significant gas heating obtained with a plasma torch makes it a very useful device for a number of different industrial applications. This includes materials processing where it is used for the spheroidization and synthesis of nanopowders, the formation of metal-matrix composites, and thinfilm deposition of metals and ceramics [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Plasma torches are also widely used in analytical chemistry where they act as a source to ionize or atomize material samples which are then subsequently analysed with optical or mass spectrometry techniques [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bidirectional vortex stabilization of a supersonic inductively coupled plasma torch

Pascale

Lafleur²,

Corr³

2023

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Radio-frequency (RF) inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torches using a supersonic nozzle have many industrial materials processing applications and have also been proposed as novel electrothermal plasma thrusters for space propulsion. The gas injection method in plasma torches plays an important role in both gas heating dynamics and overall discharge stabilization. Here, we investigate reverse vortex gas injection into a supersonic ICP torch for RF powers up to 1 kW, argon mass ﬂow rates between 15-180 mg/s, and plasma torch pressures from 270 Pa to 50 kPa. In this conﬁguration, gas is injected tangentially just upstream of the nozzle inlet. This produces a bidirectional vortex ﬂow ﬁeld where gas ﬁrst spirals upwards along the outer edge of the plasma torch walls, before then reversing direction at the torch end and spiralling back down through the central plasma region towards the nozzle exit. Results are compared to a more conventional forward vortex conﬁguration where gas is instead injected tangentially from the upstream end of the torch, and which forms a unidirectional vortex that spirals towards the downstream nozzle. While performance is similar for gas ﬂows below 80 mg/s, we show that at higher mass ﬂow rates both the eﬀective torch stagnation temperature and thermal eﬃciency can be increased by almost 50% with reverse vortex injection. Considering that the measured RF antenna-plasma power transfer eﬃciency is similar for both conﬁgurations, this enhancement occurs because of the unique bidirectional vortex ﬂow ﬁeld which leads to reduced gas-wall heat losses and consequently an increased enthalpy ﬂow leaving the torch.

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Numerical study on the evaporation process of feedstock powder under transient states in pulse-modulated induction thermal plasmas for nanoparticle synthesis

Cited by 12 publications

References 48 publications

Modeling of Advanced Silicon Nanomaterial Synthesis Approach: From Reactive Thermal Plasma Jet to Nanosized Particles

Modeling of Advanced Silicon Nanomaterial Synthesis Approach: From Reactive Thermal Plasma Jet to Nanosized Particles

Parametric study of a vortex-enhanced supersonic inductive plasma torch

Bidirectional vortex stabilization of a supersonic inductively coupled plasma torch

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