Numerical study of Risken–Nummedal–Graham–Haken instability in mid-infrared Fabry–Pérot quantum cascade lasers

Vuković, Nikola; Radovanović, J.; Milanović, V.; Boïko, D. L.

doi:10.1007/s11082-020-2210-4

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In addition, the numerical setup is simple compared to numerical simulations with the semiclassical traveling wave model. This model is accomplished by introducing in equations (1a)-(1e) the slowly varying amplitude method which requires the counter-propagating waves [23].…”

Section: Single-layer Graphene Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene saturable absorber mirror for passive mode-locking of mid-infrared QCLs

Outafat¹,

Faci²,

Richalot

et al. 2022

Opt Quant Electron

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Passive mode-locking in quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) remains one of the huge challenges because of the fast relaxation time of the excited carriers which is typically in the range of sub-picoseconds. The use of conventional techniques such as the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror is inefficient because the spatial hole burning effect dominates the carrier dynamics. To overcome this effect, longitudinal transition structures with relaxation time around 50 ps were proposed. However, mode-locking is assured with an external modulation at a cavity roundtrip frequency. In this paper, we demonstrate that a single-layer graphene used as a saturable absorber permits to generate stable pulses in such structures. The graphene is integrated with a highly reflective mirror to increase the internal electric field and achieve the saturation intensity. The dynamic of the QCL is modeled with Maxwell-Bloch equations and the graphene layer with Maxwell-Ampere equation. This system of equations is solved using the one-dimensional Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method. To model the graphene layer of 0.33 nm thickness, a specific subcell is implemented using Maloney method. Simulation results show a generation of isolated pulses with a peak electric field of 80 MV m and a duration of 51 fs. The mode-locking remains stable for the QCL with a vertical transition having a relaxation time below 5 ps.

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Section: Single-layer Graphene Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene saturable absorber mirror for passive mode-locking of mid-infrared QCLs

Outafat¹,

Faci²,

Richalot

et al. 2022

Opt Quant Electron

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“…Furthermore, linear and nonlinear optical properties in quantum heterostructures, like SLs and quantum wells based on wide-bandgap oxide semiconductors, are the focus of research due to their potential applications in optoelectronics, such as QCLs [1,[27][28][29] and RTDs [30]. The properties of these devices are based on two quantum phenomena: electronic confinement and tunnelling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resonant Tunnelling and Intersubband Optical Properties of ZnO/ZnMgO Semiconductor Heterostructures: Impact of Doping and Layer Structure Variation

Atić,

Wang,

Vuković

et al. 2024

Materials

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ZnO-based heterostructures are up-and-coming candidates for terahertz (THz) optoelectronic devices, largely owing to their innate material attributes. The significant ZnO LO-phonon energy plays a pivotal role in mitigating thermally induced LO-phonon scattering, potentially significantly elevating the temperature performance of quantum cascade lasers (QCLs). In this work, we calculate the electronic structure and absorption of ZnO/ZnMgO multiple semiconductor quantum wells (MQWs) and the current density–voltage characteristics of nonpolar m-plane ZnO/ZnMgO double-barrier resonant tunnelling diodes (RTDs). Both MQWs and RTDs are considered here as two building blocks of a QCL. We show how the doping, Mg percentage and layer thickness affect the absorption of MQWs at room temperature. We confirm that in the high doping concentrations regime, a full quantum treatment that includes the depolarisation shift effect must be considered, as it shifts mid-infrared absorption peak energy for several tens of meV. Furthermore, we also focus on the performance of RTDs for various parameter changes and conclude that, to maximise the peak-to-valley ratio (PVR), the optimal doping density of the analysed ZnO/Zn88Mg12O double-barrier RTD should be approximately 1018 cm−3, whilst the optimal barrier thickness should be 1.3 nm, with a Mg mole fraction of ~9%.

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“…Even in such high-performance regimes, nonlinear, multimode effects emerge via mode competition and spatial hole burning, which must be understood and suppressed [1,2] to maximize laser power and efficiency. More recently, however, rather than an undesired effect, coherent multimode lasing phenomena have been the focus of many studies [3][4][5][6][7][8]. Such phenomena include ultrashort (sub-ps) pulse formation [9,10] useful for precision machining [11] and probing of ultrafast processes [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient computation of coherent multimode instabilities in lasers using a spectral approach

Kacmoli,

Khan,

Gmachl

et al. 2023

New J. Phys.

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Coherent multimode instabilities are responsible for several phenomena of recent interest in semiconductor lasers, such as the generation of frequency combs and ultrashort pulses. These techonologies have proven disruptive in optical telecommunications and spectroscopy applications. While the standard Maxwell-Bloch equations encompass such complex lasing phenomena, their integration is computationally expensive and offers limited analytical insight. In this paper, we demonstrate an efficient spectral approach to the simulation of multimode instabilities via a quantitative analysis of the instability of single-frequency lasing in ring lasers, referred to as the Lorenz-Haken (LH) instability or the Risken-Nummedal-Graham-Haken (RNGH) instability in distinct parameter regimes. Our approach, referred to as CFTD, uses generally non-Hermitian Constant Flux modes to obtain projected Time Domain equations. CFTD provides excellent agreement with finite-difference integration of the Maxwell-Bloch equations across a wide range of parameters in regimes of non-stationary inversion, including frequency comb formation and spatiotemporal chaos. We also develop a modal linear stability analysis using CFTD to efficiently predict multimode instabilities in lasers. The combination of numerical accuracy, speedup, and semi-analytic insight across a variety of dynamical regimes make the CFTD approach ideal to analyze multimode instabilities in lasers, especially in more complex geometries or coupled laser arrays.

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Numerical study of Risken–Nummedal–Graham–Haken instability in mid-infrared Fabry–Pérot quantum cascade lasers

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

Graphene saturable absorber mirror for passive mode-locking of mid-infrared QCLs

Graphene saturable absorber mirror for passive mode-locking of mid-infrared QCLs

Resonant Tunnelling and Intersubband Optical Properties of ZnO/ZnMgO Semiconductor Heterostructures: Impact of Doping and Layer Structure Variation

Efficient computation of coherent multimode instabilities in lasers using a spectral approach

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