Numerical study of Hawking radiation photosphere formation around microscopic black holes

Cline, James M.; Mostoslavsky, Michael; Servant, Géraldine

doi:10.1103/physrevd.59.063009

Cited by 29 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…To account for the Coulomb scattering, Refs. [13,16] took the simplified approach of defining the effective electron mass m e to include the fermion self-energy for a finite temperature bath. In the expression for σ brem , m e was augmented in the interaction rest frame by the thermal plasma mass given by Eq.…”

Section: The Plasma Mass Correctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do evaporating black holes form photospheres?

2008

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Several authors, most notably Heckler, have claimed that the observable Hawking emission from a microscopic black hole is significantly modified by the formation of a photosphere around the black hole due to QED or QCD interactions between the emitted particles. In this paper we analyze these claims and identify a number of physical and geometrical effects which invalidate these scenarios. We point out two key problems. First, the interacting particles must be causally connected to interact, and this condition is satisfied by only a small fraction of the emitted particles close to the black hole. Second, a scattered particle requires a distance ∼ E/m 2 e for completing each bremsstrahlung interaction, with the consequence that it is improbable for there to be more than one complete bremsstrahlung interaction per particle near the black hole. These two effects have not been included in previous analyses. We conclude that the emitted particles do not interact sufficiently to form a QED photosphere. Similar arguments apply in the QCD case and prevent a QCD photosphere (chromosphere) developing when the black hole temperature is much greater than ΛQCD, the threshold for QCD particle emission. Additional QCD phenomenological arguments rule out the development of a chromosphere around black hole temperatures of order ΛQCD. In all cases, the observational signatures of a cosmic or Galactic halo background of primordial black holes or an individual black hole remain essentially those of the standard Hawking model, with little change to the detection probability. We also consider the possibility, as proposed by Belyanin et al. and D. Cline et al., that plasma interactions between the emitted particles form a photosphere, and we conclude that this scenario too is not supported.

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Section: The Plasma Mass Correctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do evaporating black holes form photospheres?

2008

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“…Work aimed at providing realistic models of what radiating would look like is a subject of active research, with much scope for interesting physics to be discovered. Besides the papers already mentioned (Cline et al 1999, Halzen et al 1991, Heckler 1997, see Daghigh and Kapusta (2002), Kapusta (2000). A brief summary from the point of view of experimental prospects occurs in section II.F of the Snowmass report (Buckley et al 2002).…”

Section: What Would a Hawking-radiating Black Hole Really Look Like?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The appearance of the radiation depends crucially on precisely what sorts of self-interactions the Hawking quanta do undergo on their way out from the hole. For example, it has been suggested (Heckler 1997, Cline et al 1999 (although disputed: Kim et al 1999) that for kT H > ∼ 200 MeV quantum-chromodynamic Bremsstrahlung and other effects become important enough for a photosphere to form. This would reduce the observed temperature.…”

Section: What Would a Hawking-radiating Black Hole Really Look Like?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Do black holes radiate?

Helfer

2003

Rep. Prog. Phys.

109

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Abstract. The prediction that black holes radiate due to quantum effects is often considered one of the most secure in quantum field theory in curved space-time.Yet this prediction rests on two dubious assumptions: that ordinary physics may be applied to vacuum fluctuations at energy scales increasing exponentially without bound; and that quantum-gravitational effects may be neglected. Various suggestions have been put forward to address these issues: that they might be explained away by lessons from sonic black hole models; that the prediction is indeed successfully reproduced by quantum gravity; that the success of the link provided by the prediction between black holes and thermodynamics justifies the prediction. This paper explains the nature of the difficulties, and reviews the proposals that have been put forward to deal with them. None of the proposals put forward can so far be considered to be really successful, and simple dimensional arguments show that quantum-gravitational effects might well alter the evaporation process outlined by Hawking.

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“…The issue really is how to describe the emission of wavepackets via the Hawking mechanism when the emitted particles are (potentially) close enough to be mutually interacting. A more quantitative treatment of the particle interactions on a semiclassical level was carried out by Cline, Mostoslavsky and Servant [8]. They solved the relativistic Boltzmann equation with QCD and QED interactions in the relaxation-time approximation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High temperature matter and gamma ray spectra from microscopic black holes

Daghigh

Kapusta

2002

Phys. Rev. D

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The relativistic viscous fluid equations describing the outflow of high temperature matter created via Hawking radiation from microscopic black holes are solved numerically for a realistic equation of state. We focus on black holes with initial temperatures greater than 100 GeV and lifetimes less than 6 days. The spectra of direct photons and photons from π 0 decay are calculated for energies greater than 1 GeV. We calculate the diffuse gamma ray spectrum from black holes distributed in our galactic halo. However, the most promising route for their observation is to search for point sources emitting gamma rays of ever-increasing energy.

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Numerical study of Hawking radiation photosphere formation around microscopic black holes

Cited by 29 publications

References 26 publications

Do evaporating black holes form photospheres?

Do evaporating black holes form photospheres?

Do black holes radiate?

High temperature matter and gamma ray spectra from microscopic black holes

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