Numerical study of flexible flapping wings with an immersed boundary method: Fluid–structure–acoustics interaction

Wang, Li; Tian, Fang-Bao

doi:10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2019.07.003

Cited by 30 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This range is a little bit higher than that (0.3–0.4) reported in studies considering heaving and pitching plate. 7,8,31 This means that the pitching-only plate is supposed to be more flexible than that of heaving and pitching to improve its aerodynamic performance. In addition, Figure 4 shows that increasing the pitching amplitude enhances the forward propulsive speed, but contrarily deteriorates the propulsive efficiency.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Locomotion of a self-propulsive pitching plate in a quiescent viscous fluid

Wang

2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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The locomotion of a flexible plate pitching in a quiescent viscous fluid is numerically studied by using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) for the fluid and a finite element method (FEM) for the plate, with an immersed boundary (IB) method for the fluid–structure interaction (FSI). In the simulation, the leading edge of the plate undergoes a prescribed pitching motion, and the entire plate moves freely due to the fluid–plate interaction. The effects of the pitching amplitude, bending rigidity, plate-to-fluid mass ratio and Reynolds number on the propulsive performance of the flexible plate are examined in a range of parameters. The numerical results show that a certain flexibility can remarkably improve the propulsive speed and efficiency. The optimal parameters for the pitching plate are obtained, i.e. [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] is a non-dimensional frequency, with [Formula: see text] means rigid plate and larger [Formula: see text] means more flexible) and 20° ≤ α0 ≤ 25° ( α0 is the pitching amplitude). The comparisons of three plate-to-fluid mass ratios (1.0, 2.5 and 5.0) show that the mass of the plate decreases the propulsive speed, but contrarily increases the efficiency. The results obtained in the present study provide an insight into the understanding of the performance of self-propulsive plate in pitching motion and can further guide the engineering design of micro aerial vehicles.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Locomotion of a self-propulsive pitching plate in a quiescent viscous fluid

Wang

2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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“…The study of insect flight has recently gained a large amount of interest due to its potential for applications such as micro unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and wind turbines. 1–4…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been a number of studies within the last decade progressing the understanding of flapping wing insects, 5–9 namely in the field of insect aerodynamics, leaving the acoustics of flapping wings relatively unstudied until recent years. 1,10,11 By briefly analyzing the current understanding of flapping wing insects, the basis of this paper may be formed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That is, the first and second harmonics will show different radiation patterns over the domain and that the acoustic frequencies are highly associated with wing kinematics and wing loading (encompassing rigidity). 10,11 A fully fluid–structure–acoustics interaction model of flapping was pioneered by Wang and Tian 1 who found that flexible wings with a lower structure-to-fluid mass ratio and a medium flexibility experience lower sound generation without significant thrust decrease when compared to a high mass ratio, or high flexibility case.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical study of the sound generated by two tandem arranged wings in forward flight

Widdup

Wang

Tian

2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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The sound generated by two tandem arranged flexible wings in forward flight is numerically studied by using an immersed boundary method, at a Reynolds number of 100 and Mach number of 0.1. Three distinct cases are studied, encompassing a single wing and two tandem wings flapping in phase and out of phase. The sound generation of flapping wings is systematically studied by varying the wing flexibility (represented by the frequency ratio [Formula: see text]), structure-to-fluid mass ratio ([Formula: see text]), the phase difference (φ), and the gap ([Formula: see text]) between the two flapping wings. The results show that there is a direct correlation between the wing flexibility and sound generation for all cases considered. Specifically, for wings of low mass ratios ([Formula: see text]), an increase in flexibility resulted in a decrease in sound generation. For wings of high mass ratios ([Formula: see text]), an increase in flexibility resulted in higher sound output. The introduction of a second wing flapping in-phase resulted in an increase in aerodynamic features and sound generation, while the introduction of a second wing flapping out-of-phase experiences a decrease in sound output when compared to the in-phase case. In both cases, the effect of the wing flexibility on the sound production is similar to that of the single wing. An increase in flexibility is also found to have an impact on the plane of maximum sound pressure. For example, increasing flexibility resulted in a rotation of the plane of maximum sound pressure counter-clockwise relative to those at lower frequency ratios. Flexible wings with a structure-to-fluid mass ratio of unity and medium flexibility (i.e. [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) are found to generate lower sound with high aerodynamic performance conserved.

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“…An ornithopter is a drone whose wings flutter up and down like birds or insects. Most researches contribute and innovate in the following aspects: wing shape analysis [2,3], the aerodynamics of flapping wing [4][5][6][7], power extraction performance of semiactive flapping airfoils [8], mechanism [9][10][11], different actuation mechanisms, hybrid actuation mechanisms [12], electrical motor-driven method, mechanical transmissiondriven method, and "artificial muscle" material-driven method [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis on Hover Control Performance of T- and Cross-Shaped Tail Fin of X-Wing Single-Bar Biplane Flapping Wing

Zhang

Zhu²,

Zhu

2020

Journal of Robotics

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The current flapping wing adopts T-shaped or cross-shaped tail fin to adjust its flight posture. However, how the tail fin will affect the hover control is not very clear. So, the effects of the two types of tail on flight will be analyzed and compared by actual flight tests in this paper. Firstly, we proposed a new X-wing single-bar biplane flapping-wing mechanism with two pairs of wings. Thereafter, the overall structure, gearbox structure, tail, frame, and control system of the flapping wing were designed and analyzed. Secondly, the control mechanism of hover is analyzed to describe the effect of two-tail fin on posture control. Thirdly, the Beetle was used as the control unit to achieve a controllable flight of flapping wing. The MPU6050 electronic gyroscope was used to monitor the drone’s posture in real time, and the Bluetooth BLE4.0 wireless communication module was used to receive remote control instructions. At last, to verify the flight effect, two actual flapping wings were fabricated and flight experiments were conducted. The experiments show that the cross-shaped tail fin has a better controllable performance than the T-shaped tail fin. The flapping wing has a high lift-to-mass ratio and good maneuverability. The designed control system can achieve the controllable flight of the flapping wing.

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Numerical study of flexible flapping wings with an immersed boundary method: Fluid–structure–acoustics interaction

Cited by 30 publications

References 24 publications

Locomotion of a self-propulsive pitching plate in a quiescent viscous fluid

Locomotion of a self-propulsive pitching plate in a quiescent viscous fluid

Numerical study of the sound generated by two tandem arranged wings in forward flight

Analysis on Hover Control Performance of T- and Cross-Shaped Tail Fin of X-Wing Single-Bar Biplane Flapping Wing

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