Numerical study of boiling of liquid nitrogen at solid and liquid contact planes

Study of Cryogenic Film Boiling in the Presence of External Electric Field Using a Variant of Volume of Fluid-Based Interface Tracking Algorithm

“…The method considers the volume fraction as a marking tool for each cell to track the interface. Ahammad et al 5 used the VOF-based method to investigate the boiling of liquid nitrogen for a single bubble, and Kumar et al 1 also used the VOF method for studying multimode bubble growth. In the present study, for validating our results, we considered the atmospheric pressure condition (as followed by Ahammad et al 5 ) and employed the VOF-based algorithm to study the bubble dynamics during the boiling of liquid nitrogen.…”

“…Cryogenic film boiling, especially with liquid nitrogen, is getting significant research attention due to its potential applications in superconductivity, electronic equipment cooling, cryogenic milling and grinding, lyophilization, cryopalletization, cryogenic reaction cooling systems, cryopreservation, etc. − Since the cooling process gives liquid nitrogen sudden exposure to high temperatures, liquid nitrogen tends to boil, forming insulation of nitrogen vapor film. This vapor film leads to the primary mode of heat transfer through film boiling.…”

Preparation and Characterization of Biodegradable Sponge-like Cryogel Particles of Chitosan via the Inverse Leidenfrost (iLF) Effect

“…18 This article is licensed under CC-BY-NC-ND The inverse Leidenfrost (iLF) effect is a phenomenon where the droplets (i.e., aqueous solution) are coated by a boiling film and become spherical when they move toward the surface of a bath of a cryogenic liquid with low boiling point (i.e, liquid nitrogen). 19 The procedure for synthesizing the cryogel particles can be summarized in the two following steps: preparation of frozen droplets by the iLF effect followed by cryogelation via frozen polymerization. To begin with, a polymer precursor is added dropwise into bulk liquid nitrogen (−196 °C), and then frozen droplets are made by the iLF effect, which are polymerized in liquid paraffine (−15 °C).…”

Micro Sponge Balls: Preparation and Characterization of Sponge-like Cryogel Particles of Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) via the Inverse Leidenfrost Effect

“…Controlling the droplet stability during the internal polymerization process is crucial for preparing functional polymer particles. A viable method that enables the preparation of such particles without the use of surfactants/detergents is through the inverse Leidenfrost effect. − The inverse Leidenfrost effect is a phenomenon in which the droplets (i.e., aqueous solution) are coated by a boiling-film and become spherical when they approach the substrate under a temperature difference that significantly exceeds the boiling point (i.e., −196 °C for liquified N 2 ) . Although this phenomenon has shown good application potential in many fields, such as cryogenics, aerospace, green chemistry, and surface science, its main mechanism remains largely unexplored.…”

“…9−11 The inverse Leidenfrost effect is a phenomenon in which the droplets (i.e., aqueous solution) are coated by a boiling-film and become spherical when they approach the substrate under a temperature difference that significantly exceeds the boiling point (i.e., −196 °C for liquified N 2 ). 11 Although this phenomenon has shown good application potential in many fields, such as cryogenics, 9 aerospace, 12 green chemistry, 13 and surface science, 14 its main mechanism remains largely unexplored. This is primarily attributed to the boiling-film's presence on the droplet surface, which apart from restricting their contact with the reaction substrate, also inhibits their dynamic behaviors, like self-propulsion, gliding, spinning, bobbing, and bouncing.…”