Numerical studies on the effect of lowering temperature on the oxygen transport during brain hypothermia resuscitation

Yan, Jiao; Jing, Liu

doi:10.1016/s0010-4825(02)00030-6

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…5 which was studied first by Sharan et al Fig. 4 Effect of blood flow velocity to average oxygen concentration [112] and then extended to the brain cooling area by Ji and Liu [157], the vascular bed can be represented as a series of vascular compartments surrounded by a tissue compartment, which consists of m (a 1 ,a 2, …,a m , number as i = 1,2,…,m) arteriolar and m (v 1 ,v 2 ,…,v m , number as i = 1,2,…,m) venular compartments, and one capillary compartment. p r denotes oxygen partial tension in a compartment; E denotes diffusion conductance; and M is the rate of cerebral oxygen consumption.…”

Section: Oxygen Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Ji and Liu's work [157], a transient compartmental model was established to simultaneously quantify the dynamic blood flow (see Fig. 6) and the oxygen transport (see Fig.…”

Section: Oxygen Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mass balance in a transient state for each of the vascular compartments can be established as follows [157] …”

Section: Oxygen Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(23)-(25) need to be determined in advance. For this purpose, a transient compartmental model for blood flow behavior was developed [157], which is geometrically in accordance with the oxygen compartmental model. In steady state [111,112,115,116], blood flow was treated as proportional to the pressure drop along the flowing passage, i.e., Q = (q in −q out )/R, where q in , q out and R are inlet hydraulic pressure, outlet hydraulic pressure and resistance, respectively, which are treated as constant.…”

Section: Blood Flow Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cooling strategies and transport theories for brain hypothermia resuscitation

Jing

2007

Front. Energy Power Eng. China

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The brain is one of the most important organs in a biological body whose normal function depends heavily on an uninterrupted delivery of oxygen. Unlike skeletal muscles that can survive for hours without oxygen, neuron cells in the brain are easily subjected to an irreversible damage within minutes from the onset of oxygen deficiency. With the interruption of cardiopulmonary circulation in many cardiac surgical procedures or accidental events leading to cerebral circulation arrest, an imbalance between energy production and consumption will occur which causes a rapid depletion of oxygen due to the interrupted blood-flow to the brain. Meanwhile, the cooling function of the blood flow on the hot tissue will be stopped, while metabolic heat generation in the tissues still keeps running for awhile. Under such adverse situations, the potential for cerebral protection through hypothermia has been intensively investigated in clinics by lowering brain temperature to restrain the cerebral oxygen demands. The reason can be attributed to the decreased metabolic requirements of the cold brain tissues, which allows a longer duration for the brain to endure reduced oxygen delivery. It is now clear that hypothermia would serve as the principal way for neurologic protection in a wide variety of emergency medicines, especially in cerebral damage, anoxia, circulatory arrest, respiratory occlusion, etc. However, although brain cooling has been found uniquely significant in clinical practices, the serious lack of knowledge on the mechanisms involved prevents its further advancement in brain resuscitation. Compared with the expanded trials in clinics, only very limited efforts were made to probe the engineering issues involved, which turns out to be a major obstacle for the successful operation of brain hypothermia resuscitation. From the viewpoint of biothermal medical engineering, the major theories and strategies for administering brain cooling can generally be classified into three categories: heat transfer, oxygen transport and cooling strategy. Aiming to provide a complete overview of the brain hypothermia resuscitation, this article comprehensively summarizes the recent progresses made in theoretical, practical and experimental techniques in the area. Particularly, attention is paid to the mathematical models to quantify the heat and oxygen transport inside the cerebral tissues. Typical cooling strategies to effectively lower brain temperature and thus decrease oxygen consumption rate in the cerebral tissues are analyzed. Approaches to deliver oxygen directly to the target tissues are discussed. Meanwhile, some future efforts worth pursuing within the area of brain cooling are suggested.

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Section: Oxygen Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Ji and Liu's work [157], a transient compartmental model was established to simultaneously quantify the dynamic blood flow (see Fig. 6) and the oxygen transport (see Fig.…”

Section: Oxygen Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mass balance in a transient state for each of the vascular compartments can be established as follows [157] …”

Section: Oxygen Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Blood Flow Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cooling strategies and transport theories for brain hypothermia resuscitation

Jing

2007

Front. Energy Power Eng. China

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“…Most of the current theoretical approaches in therapeutic hypothermia are based on Pennes bio-heat transfer equation [7] which simplifies the heat transfer between the blood and the brain tissue as a heat source term added to heat conduction equation [8][9][10][11][12]. Nevertheless, the Pennes bio-heat transfer equation could only be accurately applicable in regions with small-size vessels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-scale modeling on human intravascular cooling to induce brain hypothermia via circle of Willis

Xue

Liu

2011

Forsch Ingenieurwes

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Therapeutic hypothermia has been the most effective therapy to treat serious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Among them, intravascular cooling is identified as a most efficient approach to induce brain hypothermia. However until now, some key parameters and temperature management method for intravascular cooling are still not well addressed because of the complexity of human thermoregulation mechanism. Aiming at predicting temperature variation of tissues and organs in a more accurate way during therapeutic hypothermia, this study is dedicated to integrate the blood flow model in the circle of Willis together with the compartmental model for characterizing the heat and blood transport throughout the whole human body. According to the theoretical evaluation, the new model could well simulate the temperature response of the whole human body especially the brain under various cooling. Effects of different intervention site and cooling power to the hypothermia performance are discussed, which shows that carotid artery intervention is a more suitable therapeutic hypothermia method in comparison with femoral artery or femoral vein intervention. These results could help design controlling software for intravascular therapeutic hypothermia device in the near future. List of symbols cHeat capacity (kJ/kg K) D Vessel diameter (m) hConvection coefficient (W/m 2 K) Q Flow

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Bioheat Transfer Model

Jing

2006

Wiley Encyclopedia of Biomedical Engineering

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Bioheat transfer models have significant applications in a wide variety of clinical, basic, and environmental sciences. In particular, understanding the heat transfer in biological tissues is a necessity for many therapeutic practices involving either raising or lowering temperature such as cancer hyperthermia, burn injury, brain hypothermia resuscitation, disease diagnostics, thermal comfort analysis, cryosurgery and cryopreservation, and so on. In this section, aiming to provide a fundamental background for theoretically tackling the above bioengineering issues, an overview on the most basic bioheat transfer model, its extended forms as well as typical applications under various high‐ or low‐temperature situations was summarized. Meanwhile, solutions either analytical or numerical to the bioheat transfer model with or without phase change and particularities for choosing the model parameters were illustrated. Some possible extensions of the classic bioheat transfer model were also discussed.

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Numerical studies on the effect of lowering temperature on the oxygen transport during brain hypothermia resuscitation

Cited by 16 publications

References 25 publications

Cooling strategies and transport theories for brain hypothermia resuscitation

Cooling strategies and transport theories for brain hypothermia resuscitation

Multi-scale modeling on human intravascular cooling to induce brain hypothermia via circle of Willis

Bioheat Transfer Model

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