Numerical studies of the combined effects of blast and fragment loading

Abstract

The well-known synergetic effect of blast and fragment loading, observed in numerous experiments, is often pointed out in design manuals for protective structures. However, since this synergetic effect is not well understood it is often not taken into account, or is treated in a very simplified manner in the design process itself. A numerical-simulation tool has been used to further study the combined blast and fragment loading effects on a reinforced concrete wall. Simulations of the response of a wall strip subjected to blast loading, fragment loading, and combined blast and fragment loading were conducted and the results were compared. Most damage caused by the impact of fragments occurred within the first 0.2 ms after fragments' arrival, and in the case of fragment loading (both alone and combined with blast) the number of flexural cracks formed was larger than in the case of blast loading alone. The overall damage of the wall strip subjected to combined loading was more severe than if adding the damages caused by blast and fragment loading treated separately, which also indicates the synergetic effect of the combined loading.

Modeling of Combined Impact and Blast Loading on Reinforced Concrete Slabs

“…The impact of these fragments can repre- sent a significant loading for structural elements and its effects will be compounded to the damage caused by the blast shock wave (Hader, 1983;Nyström and Gylltoft, 2009). Therefore, designing structures to resist low stand-off blast loads requires an understanding of these combined phenomena to ensure that the proposed solutions will provide the desired level of protection in an efficient and cost effective manner.…”

“…Accurate results were produced by the simulation. More recently, Nyström and Gylltoft (2009) also carried out a numerical study on this topic, this time considering reinforced concrete walls. They used a similar method, with the same concrete material model as used by previous authors.…”

Modified Equation of Shock Wave Parameters

“…The former method employs an equation established based on the experimental data of various bursts [4]. The method using a blast load equation allows the easy and rapid calculation of a blast load, but it is applicable only to cases where a blast wave strikes an object directly.…”

Computer Simulation and Analysis of Curl Mechanism for Cold Rolled Steel Strip

“…Through the rotation of the drum of the curl mechanism in the cold rolled steel strip coiler, the cold rolled steel strip processed in the previous step is curled for treatment and transportation of the next step [1]. With the increase needs of the plate steel market, the quality of cold strip is highly required [2].…”