Numerical simulations of supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing: A review

Application and Research Progress of CO2 Stimulation Technology in Unconventional Oil and Gas Reservoirs: A Review and Prospect

“…When the combustion of fossil fuels leads to an increase in the CO 2 concentration, greenhouse benefits become more severe. − As an important industrial material, CO 2 is widely used in the food industry, applied chemistry, medicine, pharmacy, and other fields, as refrigerants, drugs, polymers, CO 2 lasers, detection instruments, etc . When CO 2 is used to improve the recovery rate of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, it can be permanently stored in the formation, achieving the goal of alleviating the greenhouse effect . Therefore, many scientists are attracted to study CO 2 fracturing, flooding, and storage.…”

“…In the supercritical environment, it has features of low viscosity, strong diffusivity, and high dissolution. Therefore, it has technical advantages in increasing formation energy, improving porosity, improving fracture complexity, reducing reservoir damage, and improving oil recovery. − Therefore, related technologies and mechanisms have been extensively studied.…”

“…8 When CO 2 is used to improve the recovery rate of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, it can be permanently stored in the formation, achieving the goal of alleviating the greenhouse effect. 9 Therefore, many scientists are attracted to study CO 2 fracturing, flooding, and storage.…”

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Utilization for Hydraulic Fracturing of Shale Reservoir, and Geo-Storage: A Review

“…Meanwhile, complications like an in-depth understanding of the interactions between Sc-CO 2 and shale formation are necessary for the efficient long-term geological storage of CO 2 . Further investigation is required to comprehend how the CO 2 storage will affect the mineralogy and nanoscale pore structure over time and depth. ,, The phase behavior of supercritical CO 2 during the fracturing process is very complex and unclear. , Predicting and managing the phase transition of Sc-CO 2 in the fracturing process is a challenging task . Additionally, Sc-CO 2 has very low viscosity, because of which it cannot carry and transport proppant efficiently to the fracture length created, and there has been significant leakage. , …”

“…58,59,65 The phase behavior of supercritical CO 2 during the fracturing process is very complex and unclear. 66,67 Predicting and managing the phase transition of Sc-CO 2 in the fracturing process is a challenging task. 68 Additionally, Sc-CO 2 has very low viscosity, because of which it cannot carry and transport proppant efficiently to the fracture length created, and there has been significant leakage.…”