Numerical Simulations of Large Water Waves due to Landslides

Harbitz, C. B.; Pedersen, Geir; Gjevik, B.

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1993)119:12(1325)

Cited by 100 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Examples of rock slide induced tsunamis include the 1961 Lituya Bay event (Miller, 1960), the Lago Yanahuin (Plafker and Eyzagiurre, 1979), the 1783 Scilla landslide (Tinti and Guidoboni, 1988), and in 2007 a series of rock slides in the Aisén fjord in southern Chile caused tsunamis that were documented on video (Sepúlveda and Serey, 2009). In Norway, three major tsunamis struck the communities in Loen (1904Loen ( , 1936 and Tafjord (1934), causing altogether 175 fatalities (Jørstad, 1968;Harbitz et al, 1993). The tsunami hazard due to rock slides is significant in many communities in the western part of Norway (Blikra et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating run-up on steep slopes with operational Boussinesq models; capabilities, spurious effects and instabilities

Løvholt

Lynett

Pedersen

2013

Nonlin. Processes Geophys.

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Tsunamis induced by rock slides plunging into fjords constitute a severe threat to local coastal communities. The rock slide impact may give rise to highly non-linear waves in the near field, and because the wave lengths are relatively short, frequency dispersion comes into play. Fjord systems are rugged with steep slopes, and modeling non-linear dispersive waves in this environment with simultaneous run-up is demanding. We have run an operational Boussinesq-type TVD (total variation diminishing) model using different run-up formulations. Two different tests are considered, inundation on steep slopes and propagation in a trapezoidal channel. In addition, a set of Lagrangian models serves as reference models. Demanding test cases with solitary waves with amplitudes ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 were applied, and slopes were ranging from 10 to 50°. Different run-up formulations yielded clearly different accuracy and stability, and only some provided similar accuracy as the reference models. The test cases revealed that the model was prone to instabilities for large non-linearity and fine resolution. Some of the instabilities were linked with false breaking during the first positive inundation, which was not observed for the reference models. None of the models were able to handle the bore forming during drawdown, however. The instabilities are linked to short-crested undulations on the grid scale, and appear on fine resolution during inundation. As a consequence, convergence was not always obtained. It is reason to believe that the instability may be a general problem for Boussinesq models in fjords

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating run-up on steep slopes with operational Boussinesq models; capabilities, spurious effects and instabilities

Løvholt

Lynett

Pedersen

2013

Nonlin. Processes Geophys.

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“…In the past, many cases of rockslides have generated a wave during their mobilization in a water basin such as an open-pit mine, a reservoir, a lake, a fjord or a river worldwide, for instance Lituya Bay 1958(Miller 1960Fritz 2002;Fritz et al 2009), Vaiont Dam 1963(Kiersch 1964Müller 1964, 1968, Ghirotti 2012), Yanahuin Lake 1971(Plafker et al 1979, Tafjord (Harbitz et al 1993), and more recently due to the Chehalis Lake 2012 (Wang et al 2015) and Lake Askja 2014 rockslides (Gylfadottir et al 2017). The case of Black Lake differs from most of the cases described in the literature since it involves a partially submerged landslide, where the equilibrium water depth will vary depending of the timing of the impact.…”

Section: Lindstrøm Et Al 2014)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tsunami generation by potential, partially submerged rockslides in an abandoned open-pit mine: the case of Black Lake, Quebec, Canada

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The Black Lake rockslide is located on the east wall of an open pit mine initially operated by LAB Chrysotile near Thetford Mines, Québec. Movements were observed in July 2012 when a volume of 20 M m³ was mobilized, destroying a large portion of the Highway 112. Mining operations ceased in 2012, causing the complete shutdown of the pumping system whose goal was to prevent the rise of water level in the pit. As the water level increases in the pit, it is essential to determine the tsunamis generated by possible partially submerged rockslides and to understand their potential impacts. A series of possible scenarios have been analysed with regard to velocity and acceleration of the potential rockslide as well as the corresponding wave generation and inundation. Results from the simulation shows that when the factor of safety of the global slope is less than unity, inundation would not reach the potentially vulnerable infrastructures. Maximum wave height will vary as a function of the filling of the lake, and the lower wave height relative to water depth will happen when the lake will be completely filled. Mots-clés :Tsunami généré par un glissement de terrain, glissement partiellement submergé, modélisation numérique, mine à ciel ouvert, glissement rocheux actif.

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“…Tsunami waves are also affected by density differences along the depth of ocean. There are some studies on two-layered long waves or flows in the case of underwater landslide generated tsunamis (Hampton, 1972;Parker, 1982;Harbitz, 1991;Jiang & Leblond, 1992). Imamura & Imteaz (1995) developed a linear numerical model on two-layered long wave flow, which was successfully validated by a rigorous analytical solution.…”

Section: Wwwintechopencommentioning

confidence: 99%