Numerical simulations of full-scale enclosure fires in a small compartment with natural roof ventilation

Merci, Bart; Maele, Karim Van

doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2007.12.003

Cited by 47 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…The value of 0.1D* has also been confirmed by Merci's study [43] to be reasonable for FDS simulation. In this study, for the simulations corresponding to the RSE tests (i.e., Scenarios #1 and 4), the computational domain and grid system were similar to those used by Floyd and McGrattan [15], which were 0.95Â 2.44 Â 1.50 m 3 with 40 Â 100 Â 72 cells.…”

Section: Numerical Meshsupporting

confidence: 71%

Comparison of FDS predictions by different combustion models with measured data for enclosure fires

Yang¹,

Hu²,

Jiang³

et al. 2010

Fire Safety Journal

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Section: Numerical Meshsupporting

confidence: 71%

Comparison of FDS predictions by different combustion models with measured data for enclosure fires

Yang¹,

Hu²,

Jiang³

et al. 2010

Fire Safety Journal

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“…A grid refinement study revealed that the results, presented here, do not strongly depend on the grid size. However, it must be emphasized that, in principle, for high quality LES calculations, the grid size dimensions must be in the order of 5cm or less [8,9]. Still, this is not crucial in the present study, as the effect on the relationship between ventilation velocities and backlayering distances is not very sensitive to the flow details and because intrinsic numerical dissipation in the flow solver also partly masks possible sensitivity of the results to grid size.…”

Section: Numerical Set-upmentioning

confidence: 97%

Relation between horizontal ventilation velocity and backlayering distance in large closed car parks

Tilley¹,

Merci²

2008

Fire Saf. Sci.

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Due to the ceiling jet phenomenon, smoke above a fire source has a natural tendency to spread under the ceiling in all directions, until a barrier is reached. The present study focuses on smoke control, rather than smoke clearance, in large closed car parks. A particular situation is that the ceiling height is much lower than the horizontal car park dimensions. Also, flame heights can be in the same order of magnitude as the ceiling height, so that flames can penetrate into the smoke layer under the ceiling near the fire source. Smoke control in case of fire in large car parks can be established by horizontal mechanical ventilation. A 'critical ventilation velocity' exists, for which no smoke backlayering occurs, i.e. the car park is maintained smoke-free at one side of the fire source. In many cases, however, backlayering can be allowed to a certain distance. We analyse the results from a large series of CFD-simulations, used as numerical experiments, and illustrate that there is a relation between the horizontal ventilation velocity and the backlayering distance. The backlayering distance varies linearly with the difference between the critical ventilation velocity and the actual ventilation velocity of the incoming fresh air. We perform a parameter study with variation of heat release rate per unit area, fire source area, car park width and car park height. We show that the coefficient in the mentioned linear relationship is independent of the fire source area, the car park height and the car park width, but increases with decreasing heat release rate per unit area. We compare the results for the critical ventilation velocity in car parks to results obtained in tunnel fires. We confirm the observations that the critical ventilation velocity increases with fire source area and heat release rate per unit area, as well as a small influence of the car park width. We observe an increase of the critical ventilation velocity with increasing car park height. Finally, we point out that care must be taken when a smoke control system design is based on volume flow rates, calculated from cold inlet flow velocities, as differences between extraction velocities and incoming air velocities can be substantial.KEYWORDS: large closed car parks, smoke management, horizontal mechanical ventilation, backlayering, CFD, performance-based design, modelling, fluid dynamics NOMENCLATURE LISTING

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“…According to the burning remnants on the fire scene, it proves that this assumption is relatively reasonable. In order to further simplify the problem, this region model is assumed as follows (Merci et al 2008 (2) There is a clear interface between the upper layer and the lower layer; and this interface has no heat transfer or mass transfer or continuity. (3) Combustion products, effective heat and the entrained air all go into the upper hot air layer through the plumes and once they go into the upper layer, they are immediately mixed with the upper air thoroughly.…”

Section: Methodology Basic Assumptions and Computation Equation Of Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation and effects analysis of region models for interior fire hazard

Luo

Cao

2015

Revista de la Construcción

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The region model analysis is an important method for analyzing the interior fire hazard. Based on the mass conservation equation and energy conservation equation of the pre-flashover interior fire hazard development, the formulae required by computer programming are derived. VB is utilized as a tool for developing computation program with the aid of object programming idea to apply the mathematical modelling theories of the release rate of fire heat, plume and heat transfer. The relevant programming procedures and computation flow chart are presented. The program is verified through experimental data from Tianjin Fire Research Institute. As the computation of plumes is oversimplified, the thickness change of the smoke layer and the results obtained in the experiment vary considerably. The main advantage of the proposed computation model is that it is ease to be utilized for a variety of occasions.

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Numerical simulations of full-scale enclosure fires in a small compartment with natural roof ventilation

Cited by 47 publications

References 6 publications

Comparison of FDS predictions by different combustion models with measured data for enclosure fires

Comparison of FDS predictions by different combustion models with measured data for enclosure fires

Relation between horizontal ventilation velocity and backlayering distance in large closed car parks

Simulation and effects analysis of region models for interior fire hazard

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