Numerical simulation on the in situ upgrading of oil shale reservoir under microwave heating

Zhu, Jingyi; Liang, Yi; Yang, Zhaozhong; Li, Yong

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119553

Cited by 47 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Microwaves are electromagnetic waves with frequencies ranging from 300 MHz to 3,000 GHz. With continuous research, microwaves are widely used in industrial heating, such as microwave petroleum pyrolysis (Khelfa et al, 2020;Kumar et al, 2020;Taheri-Shakib and Kantzas, 2021;Zhu et al, 2021), auxiliary pyrolysis, coal desulfurization and drying Liao et al, 2019;Si et al, 2019;Cai et al, 2021;Lichao and Xiaoyan, 2022;Yucen et al, 2022;Zhu et al, 2022), and microwave crushing (Hassani et al, 2016;Hartlieb et al, 2018;Chen et al, 2021). The size of traditional electrically large microwave heating equipment is similar to the wavelength, which makes the electric field distribution in the cavity non-uniform.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of metal slots on the heating uniformity of multisource cavity microwave

Yin

2023

Front. Energy Res.

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Microwave heating as a new type of heating has been widely used in numerous fields; however, microwave heating in multi-source cavity still poses several problems, including non-uniformity, low efficiency, restriction of the heating object, and “thermal runaway”, thus limiting the application of microwave energy. This study adopts a method to place a slotted layer in the cavity such that the energy can be radiated uniformly to improve the heating uniformity. The distribution of the electric field in the cavity is optimized by changing the arrangement and size of the slots in the slot layer. The effects of the slot arrangements are elucidated, and experiments are performed to study the real-life application of the slot arrangements. The results show that these metal slots are effective in improving the uniformity and efficiency of multisource cavity heating.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of metal slots on the heating uniformity of multisource cavity microwave

Yin

2023

Front. Energy Res.

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“…A range of studies and experiments are needed to understand the impact of various factors on oil shale in situ processing. Compared to the field tests and pilots, numerical simulation is a low-cost and helpful tool for designing and controlling operations and identifying and interpreting observations that differ from model predictions and has been used widely to explore the oil shale in situ conversion processing. ,− For instance, Fan et al investigated the effects of temperature and well layout on the oil shale in situ pyrolysis by numerically simulating the electrical heating process and showed that the oil production rate was highly dependent on electrical heating temperature. Youtsos et al built a one-dimensional model to analyze the thermal front development in porous reservoirs with reaction flows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Hydrocarbon Production and Reservoir Deformation of Oil Shale In Situ Conversion Processing Using a Downhole Burner

et al. 2022

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A three-dimensional numerical simulation of oil shale in situ conversion processing by applying the downhole burner heating technology was conducted. The evolution of the fluid vector and temperature field and the characteristic of kerogen decomposition and oil and gas production were analyzed. The effects of different burning temperatures and gas injection velocities on the thermal evolution processing of oil shale in situ conversion were investigated. The stress–strain and deformation of the oil shale stratum during in situ processing were studied. The results show that kerogen decomposition is a thermo-kinetically controlled mechanism. Both the gas injection velocity and burning temperature can enhance the kerogen decomposition and oil production, especially for the latter one. In addition, the stratum–deformation of oil shale should be considered for oil shale in situ conversion processing, especially for the long-term operational lifetime.

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“…Wang et al [31] identified and investigated the chemical structural parameters of kerogen from Yaojie oil shale and determined a reasonable three-dimensional model of Yaojie kerogen via molecular simulation methods, anneal dynamics simulations, and geometry optimization calculations. Zhu et al [32] established a mathematical model to investigate the in situ upgrading of oil shale reservoirs and analyzed the effects of microwave power and the thermal conductivity of oil shale. They found that higher power was associated with higher oil and gas production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of Oil Shale Pyrolysis under Microwave Irradiation Based on a Three-Dimensional Porous Medium Multiphysics Field Model

Wang

Zhu

et al. 2022

Energies

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The pyrolysis characteristics of oil shale during heat treatment dominate the oil production of kerogen. In this study, the pyrolysis characteristics of oil shale in a laboratory microwave apparatus were investigated based on a novel fully coupled three-dimensional electromagnetic-thermal-chemical-hydraulic model according to the experimental microwave apparatus. By simulating the electric field, temperature distribution, and kerogen decomposition within oil shale subjected to microwave irradiation, several parameters, including waveguide, position, and power, were successfully optimized. The results indicated that the non-uniform temperature distribution was consistent with the distribution of the electric field. Double microwave ports were more effective than single ports in terms of heating rate and temperature uniformity. There was an optimal location where the highest heating efficiency was obtained, which was on the left of the cavity center. When irradiation was conducted over a range of microwave powers, a higher power was suitable for achieving a rapid temperature increase, whereas a lower power was suitable to gain a high efficiency of the pyrolysis rate. Therefore, a variable power heating mode was introduced to decrease the heating time and improve the heat uniformity simultaneously during oil shale pyrolysis. Specifically, the secondary reactions of oil products should be maximally avoided by controlling the microwave power.

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Numerical simulation on the in situ upgrading of oil shale reservoir under microwave heating

Cited by 47 publications

References 36 publications

Effect of metal slots on the heating uniformity of multisource cavity microwave

Effect of metal slots on the heating uniformity of multisource cavity microwave

Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Hydrocarbon Production and Reservoir Deformation of Oil Shale In Situ Conversion Processing Using a Downhole Burner

Numerical Simulation of Oil Shale Pyrolysis under Microwave Irradiation Based on a Three-Dimensional Porous Medium Multiphysics Field Model

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