Numerical Simulation of Three-Dimensional Fluid Flow and Mixing Process in Gas-stirred Ladles.

Zhu, Miaoyong; Sawada, Ikuo; Yamasaki, Norimasa; Hsiao, Tse-Chiang

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.36.503

Cited by 31 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Some of these have avoided the simplistic treatment entailed in single-phase models. Zhu and coworkers 6) had carried out three-dimensional calculations using the quasi single-phase approach. In contrast, the Eulerian two-phase model entailed major computational efforts and complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mathematical Model of Fluid Flow Phenomena for the Liquid Bath in Smelting Reduction Processes

Chen

Chen²,

Liu³

2003

ISIJ International

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This study established a mathematical model of fluid flow phenomena for the liquid bath in smelting reduction processes by the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamic) software PHOENICS. The SEM (Scalar Equation Method) model was employed to treat the multi-phase flow, viz. liquid metal and injection gas. The Chen-Kim k-e turbulent model which is suitable for gas-stirred system was imposed. An index named Mixtrg was defined to evaluate the mixing level of the injection gas to the liquid bath. The accuracy of the model was verified by comparing the theoretically predicted vertical velocity with the experimental data for the bubble-stirred air-water ladle.Based on the standard operational condition, the influence of operational variables of simulated vessel was studied for the flow patterns of liquid bath. The calculated flow patterns of bath were helpful for understanding about distribution of injection gas, flow patterns of liquid bath, wave motion of liquid bath surface and the erosion conditions near the wall of furnace.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mathematical Model of Fluid Flow Phenomena for the Liquid Bath in Smelting Reduction Processes

Chen

Chen²,

Liu³

2003

ISIJ International

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“…In the past several decades, many studies on mathematical modeling of fluid flow in a ladle with gas bottom blowing under atmospheric pressure have been performed to optimize the ladle design and the tuyere configuration. The relevant mathematical models have been proposed considering the gas–liquid two‐phase flow as the pseudo‐single (homogeneous) phase flow1–5 or based on the two‐fluid (Eulerian–Eulerian) model6–12 and, some useful information has been offered for getting a clear understanding of the fluid flow in a ladle under atmospheric pressure. However, the homogeneous flow model is not necessarily able to reflect the reality of the two‐phase flow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The shapes and positions of plumes and the appropriate gas hold‐ups of the liquid phase at off‐centric bottom blowing respectively through single tuyere and multiple tuyeres, which have to be given when using the homogeneous flow model, are very difficult to be accurately set‐up. Those had been estimated3, 4 with an experimental correlation13, 14 obtained for the centric bottom blowing with single tuyere. Obviously, the considerable discrepancies from the realities can be generated by this way.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of Fluid Flow in Bath during Combined Top and Bottom Blowing VOD Refining Process of Stainless Steel

Wei

Zeng

2012

steel research int.

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The fluid flow in a bath in combined top and bottom blowing vacuum‐oxygen decarburization (VOD) refining process of stainless steel has numerically been simulated. The three‐dimensional mathematical model used is essentially based on that proposed in our previous work for the flow in combined side and top blowing argon‐oxygen decarburization (AOD) process, but considering the influence of reduced ambient pressure. Applying it to the flow in the bath of a 120 t VOD vessel under the refining conditions, the results present that the model can fairly well simulate and estimate the flow phenomena. The flow pattern of molten steel in the bath with the combined blowing is a composite result under the common action of the jets from a three‐hole Laval top lance and gas bottom blowing streams. The jets have a leading role on it; the molten steel in the whole bath is in vigorous stirring and circulatory motion during the blowing process. The streams do not alter the basic features of the gas agitation and liquid flow, but can evidently change the local flow pattern of the liquid and increase its turbulent kinetic energy to a certain extent. The flow field and turbulent kinetic energy distribution in the combined blowing with three tuyeres are more uniform than those in the blowing with double tuyeres. Increasing properly the tuyere eccentricities is of advantage for improving the velocity and turbulent kinetic energy distributions, the stirring and mixing result in the practical VOD refining process.

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“…The mixing efficiency was quantified by mixing time through numerical solution of a tracer concentration equation and the liquid circulation rate. In a later publication, Zhu et al (1996) investigated the effects of gas flow rate, positions of nozzle, tracer and inclined wall on the flow pattern and mixing in a model of ladle. Using numerical simulation and quantifying flow field variables, they found that all variables considered had an influence on the mixing efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD Modelling of Global Mixing Parameters in a Peirce-Smith Converter with Comparison to Physical Modelling

Chibwe¹,

Akdogan²,

Aldrich³

et al. 2011

Chemical Product and Process Modeling

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The flow pattern and mixing in an industrial Peirce-Smith converter (PSC) has been experimentally and numerically studied using cold model simulations. The effects of air volumetric flow rate and presence of overlaying slag phase on matte on the flow structure and mixing were investigated. The 2-D and 3-D simulations of the three phase system were carried out using volume of fluid (VOF) and realizable k -ɛ turbulence model to account for the multiphase and turbulence nature of the flow respectively. These models were implemented using commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical code FLUENT. The cold model for physical simulations was a 1:5 horizontal cylindrical container made of Perspex with seven tuyeres on one side of the cylinder typifying a Peirce-Smith converter. Compressed air was blown into the cylinder through the tuyeres, simulating air or oxygen enriched air injection into the PSC. The matte and slag phases were simulated with water and kerosene respectively in this study. The influence of varying blowing conditions and simulated slag quantities on the bulk mixing was studied with five different air volumetric flow rates and five levels of simulated slag thickness. Mixing time results were evaluated in terms of total specific mixing power and two mixing time correlations were proposed for estimating mixing times in the model of PSC for low slag and high slag volumes. Both numerical and experimental simulations were in good agreement to predict the variation characteristics of the system in relation to global flow field variables set up in the converter through mathematical calculation of relevant integrated quantities of turbulence, Volume Fraction (VF) and velocity magnitudes. The findings revealed that both air volumetric flow rate and presence of the overlaying slag layer have profound effects on the mixing efficiency of the converter.

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Numerical Simulation of Three-Dimensional Fluid Flow and Mixing Process in Gas-stirred Ladles.

Cited by 31 publications

References 2 publications

A Mathematical Model of Fluid Flow Phenomena for the Liquid Bath in Smelting Reduction Processes

A Mathematical Model of Fluid Flow Phenomena for the Liquid Bath in Smelting Reduction Processes

Numerical Simulation of Fluid Flow in Bath during Combined Top and Bottom Blowing VOD Refining Process of Stainless Steel

CFD Modelling of Global Mixing Parameters in a Peirce-Smith Converter with Comparison to Physical Modelling

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