Numerical simulation of the propagation of shock waves in compressible open-cell porous foams

Olim, M.; Dongen, M. E. H. van; Kitamura, Toshio; Takayama, K.

doi:10.1016/0301-9322(94)90029-9

Cited by 39 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In a study of the animal thoracic visceral injury under blast loading, Cooper et al [12] found that the transmitted overpressure from air to water was enhanced significantly and the severity of animal lung injury increased by using a foam layer as protective material. Similar phenomenon was also observed in the experimental investigation on compressible cellular foam material subjected to shock wave [13,14] loading. These experiment results are contrary to our expectation of using metallic foam as protective layer [15][16][17] to attenuate body or structural injury.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

A study on compressive shock wave propagation in metallic foams

Wang

Yi-fen

Ren

et al. 2010

Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron.

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Metallic foam can dissipate a large amount of energy due to its relatively long stress plateau, which makes it widely applicable in the design of structural crashworthiness. However, in some experimental studies, stress enhancement has been observed when the specimens are subjected to intense impact loads, leading to severe damage to the objects being protected. This paper studies this phenomenon on a 2D mass-spring-bar model. With the model, a constitutive relationship of metal foam and corresponding loading and unloading criteria are presented; a nonlinear kinematics equilibrium equation is derived, where an explicit integration algorithm is used to calculate the characteristic of the compressive shock wave propagation within the metallic foam; the effect of heterogeneous distribution of foam microstructures on the shock wave features is also included. The results reveal that under low impact pulses, considerable energy is dissipated during the progressive collapse of foam cells, which then reduces the crush of objects. When the pulse is sufficiently high, on the other hand, stress enhancement may take place, especially in the heterogeneous foams, where high peak stresses usually occur. The characteristics of compressive shock wave propagation in the foam and the magnitude and location of the peak stress produced are strongly dependent on the mechanical properties of the foam material, amplitude and period of the pulse, as well as the homogeneity of the microstructures. This research provides valuable insight into the reliability of the metallic foams used as a protective structure. aluminum foam, heterogeneous, intensive pulse loading, stress enhancement

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

A study on compressive shock wave propagation in metallic foams

Wang

Yi-fen

Ren

et al. 2010

Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron.

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“…However, in order to check whether their model is capable of reproducing our experimental results one must determine experimentally two parameters of the non-linear permeability which appear in the Darcy and the Forchheimer terms (for details see equation (2) in van der Grinten et al 1985 or equation (3) in Olim et al 1993). Based on the above described observations it is clear that the existing well accepted model for describing the presently investigated interaction phenomenon is insufficient, because it cannot account for the fact that the transmitted compaction wave, C,, develops a disperse structure and the reflected shock wave, S~, accelerates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Head-on collision of normal shock waves with rigid porous materials

Levy

Ben‐Dor

Skews

et al. 1993

Experiments in Fluids

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The head-on collision of a planar shock wave with a rigid porous material has been investigated experimentally in a 75 mm x 75 mm shock tube. The experimental study indicated that unlike the reflection from a flexible porous material (e.g., polyurethane foam) where the transmitted compression waves do not converge to a sharp shock wave, in the case of a rigid porous material (e.g., alumina) the transmitted compression waves do converge to a sharp shock wave, which decays as it propagates along the porous material. In addition to this major difference, many other differences were observed. They are outlined in the following sections.Based on these observations a suggestion modifying the phenomenology of the reflection/interaction process in the case a porous material with large permeability is proposed.

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“…Here, differences of up to 1000 times exist in β between the steady flow value and unsteady shock tube flow value for the present experimental conditions with the incident shock Mach number of M s = 1.7 (P 4 /P 1 = 1.47 MPa/0.1 MPa). Olim et al (1994) compared the values of the permeability coefficients in shocked gas flow with those in steady flow, for M s = 1.25 ∼ 1.4 (P 4 /P 1 ∼ = 0.245 MPa/0.086 MPa ∼ 0.425 MPa/0.086 MPa). In their cases, differences of 5 to 8 times existed in the permeability coefficients between the shocked and steady gas flow values.…”

Section: Numerical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Drag difference between steady and shocked gas flows passing through a porous body

2001

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Experimental and numerical investigations of gas flows through porous materials have been carried out. We have investigated steady and unsteady processes occurring when the gas flow interacts with porous materials. Densities ρc and porosities φg of the four open-cell-type polyurethane foams which were investigated are ρc ∼ = 26 ∼ 56 kg/m 3 and φg ∼ = 0.98 ∼ 0.95, with the foams having different structures. Experiments were conducted to determine the steady drag coefficient of the porous material at low Reynolds numbers, evaluated from the pressure drop. The Forchheimer equation was applied to determine the drag. Values of permeability coefficients (α, β) in the Forchheimer equation were estimated by comparing computed and experimental results. Results show that the drag coefficient is largely affected by the internal structure of the foam, and α has almost no effect on the stress history, while the value of β dominates the stress history variation. Differences of 1000 times exist between the steady flow and unsteady shock tube flow values.

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Numerical simulation of the propagation of shock waves in compressible open-cell porous foams

Cited by 39 publications

References 7 publications

A study on compressive shock wave propagation in metallic foams

A study on compressive shock wave propagation in metallic foams

Head-on collision of normal shock waves with rigid porous materials

Drag difference between steady and shocked gas flows passing through a porous body

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