Numerical simulation of the plasma of an electron cyclotron resonance ion source

Effect of source tuning parameters on the plasma potential of heavy ions in the 18 GHz high temperature superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source

“…The plasma potential of Xe 17+ , Ar 9+ , and O 6+ decreases (open symbols) with higher values of B min /B ECR up to ∼0.63-0.65 while the normalised beam current (filled symbols) is maximum for all three beams in the same range of B min /B ECR due to the increasing value of the electron temperature according to the calculations reported in Ref. 16. Due to the lower gradient at the resonance zone, the electrons gain higher energies resulting in higher beam intensities.…”

Measurement of plasma potential of liquid-He-free superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source

“…When we assume that the situation of our ion source was the same as that of VENUS in this experi- ment, the electron temperature should increase with increasing B min up to ϳ0.6 T. If we assume that electron temperature plays a dominant role to determine the plasma potential, the plasma potential at 0.6 T should be lower than that at 0.5 T. However, the plasma potential at 0.6 T was higher than that at 0.5 T. According to the model calculation described in Ref. 10, to obtain higher plasma potential at higher electron temperature, the confinement time should be shorter and/or the electron density should be higher. To explain this experimental result, we may have another speculation as follows.…”

“…7 In Ref. 10, it was reported that the plasma potential increases with decreasing the electron temperature. This is one of the reasons why plasma potential decreases with increasing B min up to 0.5 T, which corresponds to ϳ0.8B ECR at the operational microwave frequency of 18 GHz.…”

“…According to the model calculation, the plasma potential increases with decreasing electron temperature and confinement time. 10 Usually, the temperature and ion confinement time decrease with increasing the gas pressure. It means that the plasma potential increases with increasing the gas pressure as shown in Fig.…”

New superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source for RIKEN RI beam factory project

“…It is clearly seen that the beam intensity decreases with increasing the plasma potential. According to the model calculation, 9 plasma potential is strongly affected by the electron temperature, i.e., the high temperature gives low plasma potential. The energy transfer at the resonance zone increases with decreasing the magnetic field gradient.…”