Numerical simulation of the forging process

A Virtual Inspection Technique for Assessing the Dimensional Accuracy of Forged Compressor Blades Using FE Modeling and CMM Inspection

“…The shape tolerance is then represented in the form of a plot comparing the nominal and measured profiles. Also, the thickness, 1 δ , bow, 2 δ and twist, 3 δ deviation are evaluated at the relevant K point stations, as shown in figure 2. δ and 2 δ are calculated using equations 2 and 3.…”

“…The finite element (FE) method has been used successfully to simulate the forging of compressor blades [3]. By accurately predicting material deformation, stress/strain rate distribution and temperature change in hot forging, the FE method may be used to quantify the forging tolerances and optimise the die shape, removing the need for experimental testing and thereby reduce the overall development timescales and costs.…”

Forging with optimal back-pressure profile using sequential approximate optimization

“…2 Okada, Kitayama, Chikahisa, Yoneyama, Kawamoto, Yamamichi, Masato and Nakagawa, Transactions of the JSME (in Japanese), Vol.80, No.817 (2014) © 2014 (Hartley andPillinger, 2006, Hsiang andHo, 2004)． 非線形有限要素解析には依然として大きな計算コストを要するため，少ないシミュレーション回数で最適な背圧 荷重やモーション設定を見つけることは重要な研究課題である (Bonte, et al, 2010)． CAE を用いた鍛造製品の品質向上の研究としては，例えば鍛造プロセスを多段階に分けて行う方法 (Lee, et al, 1996, Tomov, et al, 2004, 後藤他, 1997)，遺伝的アルゴリズム(GA)を用いて成形荷重を最小化するような金型形状 を求める研究 (Chung and Hwang, 1997)，未充填部を最小化するようにストローク量と金型形状を求める研究 (Chung and Hwang, 2002)，成形品の誤差や未充填部を最小化するように金型寸法を決定する研究 (Ou, et al, 2004, Lu, et al, 2011)などが挙げられる．他にも金型の寿命に関する研究 (Fu, et al, 2008) …”

Contribution in the evaluation of a performance index of hot forging dies

“…With the help of a commercial finite element software package (MSC/AutoForge) to support their experimental work, using an appropriate shape preformed die, they have found that a reduction of the forming pressure of 15 % is possible and that the tool life increases and die fracture can be prevented. The growing interest of using numerical simulation has been evidenced by Hartley and Pillinger [11] who have provided an overview on the research in the numerical simulation of forging that reports on the importance of re-meshing in realistic forging modelling with regard to the correct die shape, the assessment of die stresses and the analysis of die failure. In the current decade, two main established codes, DEFORM™ and FORGE®, are being used for computer simulation of solid-state metal forming operations.…”