Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Gravity on Weld Pool Shape

Study of mass transport in autogenous GTA welding of dissimilar metals

“…Therefore, we solve the fluid flow and mass transfer equations (Eqs. (1), (2) and (8)) in a small region within the work piece that has the possibility of being melted. The heat transfer and electromagnetics equations are solved in the whole work piece.…”

“…Due to the temperature of the melt, the size of the weld pool and the time scales of melting, mixing and solidification, performing experimental analysis during the welding process is difficult and costly [2]. Several researchers used post weld experiments to evaluate and analyze the behavior of the melt in the weld pool [3][4][5].…”

Fusion Welding with Indirect Electric Arc

“…2b shows that when materials of a higher temperature and lower density are moving toward the bottom of the puddle, the buoyancy forces tend to rise up the liquid flow across the center of the pool. The flow moves radially outward, the molten metal is forced along the surface and then down the side of the weld pool toward the bottom (Domey et al, 1995). In the IEA technique, the electric arc is established within the feeding plates and as soon as the filler metal and feed metal are melted, liquid metal with low density is supplied into the joint geometry at high temperature.…”

“…Arc Welding 24 nucleate directly from randomly oriented grains in the HAZ and grow toward the greatest thermal gradient within the puddle (Domey et al, 1995). On the other hand, the solidification in the IEA welding method is different due to the distinct generation of forces and flow patterns in the weld pool.…”

Formation of weld crater in GMAW of aluminum alloys

“…Effect of gravity on weld pool shape was simulated. A high gravitational field causes an enhanced buoyancy-driven radially outward flow in the weld pool [17]. Surface tension is one of the major driving forces [18][19][20][21][22][23].…”