Numerical simulation of the complex flow during material extrusion in fused filament fabrication

Kattinger, Julian; Ebinger, Tim; Kurz, Raphael; Bonten, Christian

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2021.102476

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A polymer filament is melted in a die and extruded through the nozzle. The melted strand is deposited layer-wise in the desired geometry in a line by means of a plotter mechanism in the x - and y -axes [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deformation Behavior of 3D Printed Auxetic Structures of Thermoplastic Polymers: PLA, PBAT, and Blends

et al. 2023

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Auxetic structures have a negative Poisson’s ratio and therefore expand transversely to the direction of loading instead of tapering. This unique behavior is not caused by the materials used, but by the structure, and thus offers completely new functionalities and design possibilities. As a rule, auxetic structures have a very complex geometry, which makes cost-effective production possible only by means of additive manufacturing processes. Due to the high design freedom of the strand deposition method, it makes sense to manufacture auxetic structures using this process. Therefore, in this project, polylactide acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), and blends of the two polymers were produced and characterized. Filaments of the two polymers and a blend were extruded, processed into auxetic structures by strand deposition process (SDP), and investigated for their properties, primarily their Poisson’s ratio. The Poisson’s ratio was determined and the influence of the material on it was identified. A specific number of 5 × 5 unit cells has been found to be ideal for investigation. Dual printed specimens showed a similar auxetic behavior as the specimens made of pure PBAT. Likewise, multiple loading and unloading of the structure is possible. Furthermore, in-situ computed tomography revealed the detailed characterization of the initial state, including the warpage of the structures, damage, and traced auxetic behavior in detail.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deformation Behavior of 3D Printed Auxetic Structures of Thermoplastic Polymers: PLA, PBAT, and Blends

et al. 2023

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“…The AM process of physical models of the body was carried out with the use of selected materials. Modeling with thermoplastic in the FFF technique [12,13,14] was carried out on the basis of one of the basic materials -ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene). Thanks to styrene, the manufactured elements have an impermeable surface, and butadiene makes them more resistant to low temperatures.…”

Section: Model Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The data declared by the producers in the vast majority deviate from the actual parameters determined by laboratory tests. The reason for this is the individual conditions of each AM process, which include the operating conditions of the apparatus, process parameters, CAD / STL / RP (Computer Aided Design / Standard Triangulation Language / Rapid Prototyping) numerical data processing or post-processing (fi nal model processing -removal of supporting structures, surface quality improvement) [11,12,13]. Therefore, research work is necessary to provide reliable -real values of the above-mentioned parameters for commonly used AM methods and model materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimensional-Shape Verification of a Selected Part of Machines Manufactured by Additive Techniques

Bernaczek¹,

Budzik²,

Dziubek³

et al. 2023

Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J.

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The publication covers the complex process of analyzing the accuracy of mapping models produced in AM (Additive Manufacturing) processes with a thermoplastic material -FFF (Fused Filament Fabrication) and polymerization of light-curing resin -PolyJet. The research was conducted with the use of an advanced optical measuring system -the GOM Atos 3D scanner. The part selected for the research in question was the water pump body as a representative example of an element with adequate dimensional and shape conditions (high degree of folding and geometric diff erentiation) allowing, based on the results of coordinate measurements determined in the research process, to defi ne the potential area of application of AM models made of thermoplastic material and resin hardened with UV light. The performed tests showed the accuracy of individual AM methods at a level within the range declared by machine manufacturers. However, the PolyJet body is characterized by a much higher accuracy of the shape mapping compared to the FFF body. The dimensional accuracy is also higher for the resin model in relation to the thermoplastic model, which results primarily from the thickness of the elementary layer of the model material applied by the printing module defi ned for individual incremental processes -16 μm for RGD 720 and 0.2 mm for ABS. Detailed elaboration and analysis of the research results are presented in this publication.

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“…To investigate numerically the melting of a filament, Kattinger et al [7] described the fluid motion coupled to the heat transfer in the hot-end using a finite volume method. As already mentioned above, an air gap exists between the wall of the extruder and the polymer filament, Kattinger et al [7] assumed that the filament moves through the extruder with a shear-free condition when the polymer is not in contact with the nozzle. When the polymer reaches the nozzle, the no-slip condition is used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the polymer reaches the nozzle, the no-slip condition is used. In the numerical model described by Kattinger et al [7], only the polymer domain is considered. Apart from in the nozzle, the air gap does not change with time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First steps of the melting of an amorphous polymer through a hot-end of a material extrusion additive manufacturing

Marion

Sardo

Joffre

et al. 2023

Additive Manufacturing

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Numerical simulation of the complex flow during material extrusion in fused filament fabrication

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

Deformation Behavior of 3D Printed Auxetic Structures of Thermoplastic Polymers: PLA, PBAT, and Blends

Deformation Behavior of 3D Printed Auxetic Structures of Thermoplastic Polymers: PLA, PBAT, and Blends

Dimensional-Shape Verification of a Selected Part of Machines Manufactured by Additive Techniques

First steps of the melting of an amorphous polymer through a hot-end of a material extrusion additive manufacturing

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