This review of previous studies on the damage and mechanical modelling of fibre-reinforced composite materials, especially carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic composites, is based on the findings of recent studies conducted in conjunction with other researchers. Studies that utilized various modelling scales, ranging from macroscopic to microscopic, are considered. The modelling of impact damage, ply cracks, ultimate tensile failure, the initiation of transverse ply cracks, the micro-mechanical properties of interfaces and molecular dynamics are specifically addressed. In addition, the scope for future work in the field is described.