Numerical Simulation of Slag-metal Reactions and Desulfurization Efficiency in Gas-stirred Ladles with Different Thermodynamics and Kinetics

Lou, Wentao; Zhu, Miaoyong

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.55.961

Cited by 32 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In the bottom powder injection process, the multiphase flow transport and chemical reactions behavior affect significantly desulfurization efficiency and effectiveness, and need to be accurately described and predicted. In our previous work, [14][15][16][17] by the CFD model, the predicted bubbly plume flow including gas volume fraction, liquid velocity and turbulent kinetic energy had been validated against experimental data, 16) and by the CFD-SRM coupled model, the predicted multicomponent simultaneous reaction at top slag-liquid steel interfacial in ladle agrees well with the measured data. 14,15) In our latest literature, 17) a CFD-PBM-SRM couple model had been developed to describe the multiphase flow and reaction kinetic in the bottom powder injection process.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

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Numerical Simulation of Desulfurization Behavior in Ladle with Bottom Powder Injection

et al. 2018

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A computation fluid dynamics-population balance model-simultaneous reaction model (CFD-PBM-SRM) coupled model was used to predict the reaction kinetic and desulfurization behavior in 80 ton ladle with bottom powder injection. The reaction rate and evolution of multi-components including Al, S, Si, Mn and Fe at the powder droplet-liquid steel interface, bubble-liquid steel interface, top slag-liquid steel interface and air-liquid steel interface were revealed. Then, the effects of different kinetic conditions on the desulfurization efficiency were investigated, and the importance of various mechanisms was discussed and clarified. The results show that at the lower powder injection rate, the desulfurization is mainly attributed to the joint effort of both powder-liquid steel reaction and top slag-liquid steel reaction which is the prevailing mechanism. At the higher powder injection rate, the powder particle-liquid steel and bubble-liquid steel interface reaction become more important and then predominate the desulfurization behavior. With the increase of gas flow rate, the total desulfurization ratio gradually decreases, and with the increasing of powder injection rate, the total desulfurization ratio increases.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Currently, the slag-metal two-phase reaction behavior in gas-stirred ladle has been studied by many researchers. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] However, the slag-steel-powder multiphase reaction in ladle with bottom powder injection is still rarely studied. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of Desulfurization Behavior in Ladle with Bottom Powder Injection

et al. 2018

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“…Huang et al [115] also used the E-E model to calculate two-phase flow and the DPM to predict inclusion trajectories and to describe the effects of purging plug arrangement and gas flow rate on the erosion of the lining of the refining ladle. Lou and Zhu [47,48,96,116,117] have made step-by-step contributions to the numerical simulation of the ladle process. In the first step, they [96] investigated the effects of the turbulent dissipation force, bubble-induced turbulence, drag force, lift force, and bubble size on the profile of the plume.…”

Section: E-e Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the next step, they combined the PBM and the E-E model developed in their previous work [96] and used to investigate the various mechanisms of inclusion growth and removal under different tuyere conditions. [47,48] In the last step, [116,117] the calculations of the thermodynamics and fluid dynamics in a gas-stirred ladle were used to describe the efficiencies of desulfurization, dealumination, desilication, and demanganization. Based on previous work on the E-E model, the simultaneous reaction model (SRM) coded by these researchers was added to investigate the metal-slag reactions.…”

Section: E-e Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Physical and Numerical Approaches for the Study of Gas Stirring in Ladle Metallurgy

Liu

Ersson

et al. 2018

Metall Mater Trans B

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This article presents a review of the research into gas stirring in ladle metallurgy carried out over the past few decades. Herein, the physical modeling experiments are divided into four major areas: (1) mixing and homogenization in the ladle; (2) gas bubble formation, transformation, and interactions in the plume zone; (3) inclusion behavior at the steel-slag interface and in the molten steel; and (4) open eye formation. Several industrial trials have also been carried out to optimize gas stirring and open eye formation. Approaches for selecting criteria for scaling to guarantee flow similarity between industrial trials and physical modeling experiments are discussed. To describe the bubble behavior and two-phase plume structure, four main mathematical models have been used in different research fields: (1) the quasi-single-phase model, (2) the volume of fluid (VOF) model, (3) the Eulerian multiphase (E-E) model, and (4) the Eulerian-Lagrangian (E-L) model. In recent years, the E-E model has been used to predict gas stirring conditions in the ladle, and specific models in commercial packages, as well as research codes, have been developed gradually to describe the complex physical and chemical phenomena. Furthermore, the coupling of turbulence models with multiphase models is also discussed. For physical modeling, some general empirical rules have not been analyzed sufficiently. Based on a comparison with the available experimental results, it is found that the mathematical models focusing on the mass transfer phenomenon and inclusion behaviors at the steel-slag interface, vacuum degassing at the gas-liquid interface, dissolution rate of the solid alloy at the liquid-solid interface, and the combination of fluid dynamics and thermodynamics need to be improved further. To describe industrial conditions using mathematical methods and improve numerical modeling, the results of physical modeling experiments and industrial trials must offer satisfactory validations for the improvement of numerical modeling.

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“…Both the slag-steel interfacial area (A) and the mass transfer coefficient within the steel (k m ) are the main limiting factors for the desulfurization reaction kinetics in argon-stirred ladles. [1,2] The desulfurization rate is proportional to the product of A and k m , known as the volumetric mass transfer coefficient (Ak m ). [3] The accurate prediction of the fluid flow and the slag-steel interaction characteristics in the ladle metallurgical furnace (LMF) is the foundation to study the desulfurization kinetics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical Investigation of Fluid Flow, Mass Transfer, and Slag-steel Interfacial Behavior in Gas-stirred Ladles

Cao

Nastac

2018

Metall Mater Trans B

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In this study, the Euler-Euler and Euler-Lagrange modeling approaches were applied to simulate the multiphase flow in the water model and gas-stirred ladle systems. Detailed comparisons of the computational and experimental results were performed to establish which approach is more accurate for predicting the gas-liquid multiphase flow phenomena. It was demonstrated that the Euler-Lagrange approach is more accurate than the Euler-Euler approach. The Euler-Lagrange approach was applied to study the effects of the free surface setup, injected bubble size, gas flow rate, and slag layer thickness on the slag-steel interaction and mass transfer behavior. Detailed discussions on the flat/non-flat free surface assumption were provided. Significant inaccuracies in the prediction of the surface fluid flow characteristics were found when the flat free surface was assumed. The variations in the main controlling parameters (bubble size, gas flow rate, and slag layer thickness) and their potential impact on the multiphase fluid flow and mass transfer characteristics (turbulent intensity, mass transfer rate, slag-steel interfacial area, flow patterns, etc.,) in gas-stirred ladles were quantitatively determined to ensure the proper increase in the ladle refining efficiency. It was revealed that by injecting finer bubbles as well as by properly increasing the gas flow rate and the slag layer thickness, the ladle refining efficiency can be enhanced significantly.

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Numerical Simulation of Slag-metal Reactions and Desulfurization Efficiency in Gas-stirred Ladles with Different Thermodynamics and Kinetics

Cited by 32 publications

References 18 publications

Numerical Simulation of Desulfurization Behavior in Ladle with Bottom Powder Injection

Numerical Simulation of Desulfurization Behavior in Ladle with Bottom Powder Injection

A Review of Physical and Numerical Approaches for the Study of Gas Stirring in Ladle Metallurgy

Mathematical Investigation of Fluid Flow, Mass Transfer, and Slag-steel Interfacial Behavior in Gas-stirred Ladles

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